NOW® Vitamin D softgels supply this key vitamin in a highly absorbable liquid softgel form. Vitamin D is normally obtained from the diet or produced by the skin from the ultraviolet energy of the sun. However, it is not abundant in food. As more people avoid sun exposure, Vitamin D supplementation becomes even more necessary to ensure that your body receives an adequate supply.The Proven, Natural And Inexpensive Way To Get Rid Of Cancer Without Chemotherapy, Radiation And Expensive Drugs!
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Just like your pool, your body needs to maintain a ph balance to stay healthy. Modern diets are high in acid forming foods and cause our bodies to get out of balance. These ph strips are a great way to make sure your body is where it should be...7.4 to 7.6. Right before my mother was diagnosed with cancer I took our whole family's ph......we were all in the 7 range and she was in the 5 range! If we would have been checking every week or month, we might have known something was wrong sooner. Check your levels on a regular basis!Price:
For your next Breast Cancer Bake Sale, fund raising or awareness event, use this pink plastic cookie cutter to make meaningful cookies to draw attention to this great cause. Buy a few and give them away to encourage others to bake in this shape for any event they bake for.Price:
This set of 12 pink rubber duckys are great favors for breast cancer research fund raisers. Each ducky measures approx. 2"W x 2"H x 2-1/4"L. They do not squeak but do have a hole in their beak for squirting water. They are not guaranteed to float upright.Price:
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 Fallene Cotz SPF 58 sunscreen combines multiple particle sizes of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and iron oxide to offer excellent full-spectrum protection. |
The Cotz SPF 58, as well as the other Fallene products, are specially designed for photo-sensitive individuals, but are perfect for anyone concerned about maintaining healthy skin and promoting the integrity of their immune system.
The Dangers of UVB Wavelengths
SPF rating does not adequately measure protection from all the damaging radiation effects of light. SPF is only a determination of protection from one specific wavelength of ultraviolet radiation, the UVB (290nm - 320nm). Unfortunately, there is no currently approved standard to rate the quality of a sunscreen's UVA protective capabilities. UVA (320nm - 400nm) is the deeper penetrating wavelength that is more often associated with skin changes, such as wrinkling, pigmentation, and long term damage. The SPF rating system does not accurately or completely define a sunscreen's protective capabilities from harmful ultraviolet radiation, except the UVB wavelength.
UVB creates a red, painful irritation first experienced during early sun exposure, but UVB is not the only ultraviolet wavelength damaging to the skin. In fact, UVB has only a minimal effect upon the deeper depth of skin. UVB and UVA radiation are both recognized as causing skin cancer, and SPF 30 protection is just not enough.
Direct Physical Photoblockers Benefits
Most of the physical photoblockers are naturally occurring metal compounds (iron, chromium, zinc, titanium, etc), although some, such as bismuth, are man-made. In addition to their photo-protective attributes, these substances also assist in preventing windburns and skin damage from wind-driven micro-particles, such as dirt and grime. These physical blockers also offer a substantial defense against infrared rays in two ways.
 Winter, spring, summer or fall -- no matter what the season, Lipcotz SPF 45 protects your skin from harmful rays. |
 Minimize wrinkling, skin-damage, and photo-aging with Fallene sun-protection products. |
Titanium Dioxide: Absorbs Light and Protects Skin
This white-pigment powder is widely used in cosmetics. Products containing large-particle titanium have a greater opacity, which means they have greater lightening or whitening qualities. Opaque titanium dioxide is highly reflective and strongly scatters all UV and visible rays. It also reflects much of the skin-damaging infrared waves, keeping skin cooler and reducing "heat" damage that causes unwanted photo-aging.
To photo-stabilize titanium dioxide it must be micro-coated with a protectant, such as silicone or aluminum oxide. Since titanium dioxide spreads poorly on the skin, another way to inhibit its breakdown is to incorporate titanium dioxide with other blockers. To achieve cosmetic elegance and usefulness, microcoating the titanium dioxide assures a good, even application to the skin. A downside of large-particle titanium dioxide products is that they produce a white, opaque appearance on the skin when applied. However, submicronizing the titanium dioxide powder, as Fallene does, creates small particles that absorb visible light and protect the skin, but they're still invisible on the skin, so you're not covered in embarrassing white salve.
Transparent (sub-micronized) titanium dioxide works by absorbing, reflecting and scattering UVB and some UVA rays. However, protection against UV, visible and infrared is significantly limited when submicronized titanium dioxide is the primary protectant.
Zinc Oxide: Extends Photo-Protection
Zinc Oxide has been known and used topically for centuries as a skin protectant and wound-healing adjuvant and is also recognized as a mild antimicrobial agent. More than 50 years ago, zinc oxide was indicated as a block for ultraviolet light (UVB/UVA). It also reflects infrared from the skin, as does titanium dioxide. However, its ability to protect in the long UVA range (300nn - 400nm) is much higher than titanium dioxide. Zinc oxide absorbs, rather than scatters, most UVA, while titanium dioxide primarily scatters these wavelengths. Thus, formulated in combination with titanium dioxide, ultra-fine zinc oxide "closes the window" in the UVA range. Zinc oxide works to both complement titanium dioxide's protection and extend photo-protection to the skin where titanium dioxide is insufficient. The optimal particle size range for ultraviolet blocking zinc oxide (without blocking visible wavelengths) is approximately 80 to 150 nanometers (1,000 nanometers = 1 micron).
Iron Oxides: Adds Color and Complements Primary UV Blocking Agents
Iron oxide is used in a wide array of cosmetics to provide cover-up color. Cosmetic iron oxides are manufactured to a high purity, desired color and particle size.
Iron oxide pigments for cosmetic use are micronized powders. They are available in a number of shades and tones of red, yellow, black and brown. These cosmetic pigments, if incorporated at adequate concentration and properly dispersed, not only add color, but they also provide significant skin protection from multiple wavelengths of light.
Ultra-submicronized iron oxides protect against visible light waves, but also add a little color to the finished product. This allows for the addition of higher levels of infrared protecting iron oxides, while retaining the cosmetic elegance and shade of the final preparation. Submicronized iron oxides block ultraviolet rays, which is a great complement to the primary UV blocking agents.
What's in the Box
Fallene Cotz SPF 58 water-resistant sunscreen tube (2.5-ounces).
Price: $26.00
Not all rare cancers have strange, unfamiliar names such as hair cell leukemia. Brain tumors, cancer of the liver and ovaries are all considered rare cancers.
A cancer is considered rare if it is diagnosed in less than 15 people per 100,000 each year. This comes out to a total of about 40,000 cases per year in the US. For example, ovarian cancer occurs in about 21,000 women each year, which means it is classified as rare.
Most rare forms of cancer in adults are grouped together in a larger classification. For example, leukemia is a general classification of several rare types of cancers that occur in the blood.
The common cancers such as lung, breast, prostate, and colon cancer attract much more attention and get much more research funding than the rare types of cancer. Of course this makes sense because so many more people are affected by the common cancers.
However, the common cancers may be caused by many different factors - only one of which may be a genetic predisposition. Many of the rare forms of cancer can't be easily linked to environmental and other factors. Rare cancer research may be able to help scientists unlock the genetic codes which explain how humans get cancer.
Getting Clinical Care For Patients With A Rare Cancer
The problem with a rare form of cancer is finding a physician who is familiar with its diagnosis and treatment. Because these cancers don't happen as much as the common cancers, most physicians don't have experience in diagnosing and treating these cancers.
In order to get appropriate treatment for a rare form of cancer, you may have to continually ask your oncologist for answers. You may have to learn how to do the research yourself and even travel to see other doctors who specialize in an area of research similar to your cancer. Don't be surprised if the medical advice you get seems conflicting. Because these cancers are rare and the research may be limited, the science behind the treatments may vary widely.
Don't worry about offending your doctor by asking for a second opinion. Remember these cancers are rare, and most physicians will have little experience in dealing with them. It is OK to ask for a second opinion. Some insurance companies may even require a second opinion in the diagnosis of a rare cancer.
Seek a referral to a nearby "major" cancer treatment center because this will increase your chances of consulting with a specialist who is more familiar with your cancer type. Major cancer treatment centers are usually located in large metropolitan cities. You can usually find out more about these centers by researching online.
Take copies of your medical records with you and bring someone along to help you take notes of the your conversations. You don't want to miss any important details! Get someone you know that is skilled in Internet research to help you out with your online research studies.
How To Find Support For Rare Cancer Patients
Many people diagnosed with a rare cancer often feel alienated and alone because there are so few people who share their same condition. It is difficult to find others who can relate emotionally to these people. Most cancer patients find some sort of consolation in discussing their condition with others who have the same condition. Rare cancer patients have a difficult time finding others who have the same condition.
In these cases, cancer patients may be able to find a sense of community through online means such as support groups and cancer forums or blogs. Enlist the help of someone who is skilled in Internet research to find these support groups and show you how to interact with them online.
Rare forms of cancer may actually be easier to treat because they may have a single molecular genetic flaw that is common to them. However, the difficulty lies in detecting these rare cancers early, properly diagnosing the rare cancer and then seeking the appropriate treatment. Because the cancer is rare, it may be difficult to move through these phases quickly enough.
Consider a Clinical Trial
When cancers grow in spite of treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery, it may be time to consider other alternatives such as clinical trials. Cancer treatments must go through clinical trials before they are approved for use with the general population. You can choose to be a clinical trial patient and help advance cancer research to find a cure. If you choose to become a clinical trial patient you will have to sign waivers for risk. Weigh the risks carefully!
Get Insurance Guidance
Rare cancer patients often face insurance hurdles. Ask about insurance issues when you visit your oncologist. Some insurance plans require pre-approval before they will pay for a treatment of a rare cancer. Without such pre-approval you and your family may be stuck with a huge financial burden as well as the burden of care.
Keep careful records of all interactions with your insurance company. Document the time, date, the representative(s) you spoke with and the results of the conversation. Request for written approvals and do as much communicating as you can in writing instead of verbally. Make audio or video recordings of your conversations (ask for permission first!) with insurance representatives.
If you can't afford treatments there may be patient assistance programs that can help you. These programs are often referred to as "compassionate care" programs. Ask about these with your oncologist. Be persistent and firm and don't give up!
Jonathan is a professional educator in the healthcare field with over 15 years of experience. You can visit his latest website which helps people find the best hair dryer for their needs, where you can learn about Revlon Hair Dryers.
Since my mother passed away from Pancreatic Cancer I have dedicated a large portion of my life to writing articles that will help Pancreatic Cancer patients improve the quality of their lives. Life is precious and until some are faced with a life threatening disease such as this many don't take the time to realize how fragile and valuable life can be. What can you do when your most valuable possession which is life is jeopardized? The answer is that you cherish what you have and you take the steps to make the very best out of the time that you have. This article deals with digestion and debt relief for Pancreatic Cancer Patients and their families.
Digestion and debt relief may seem like two peculiar subjects to tackle but in essence dealing with these two issues can make a world of difference for Pancreatic Cancer patients and their loved ones. First I will deal with the matter of digestion for those dealing with this brutal Cancer as proper digestion is vital for the Pancreatic Cancer patient. The reason for this is that people with this disease are fighting to live as the Cancer fights back to destroy them. We all know the frequently used expression, "You are what you eat." The problem is that if you can't eat you become nothing because you eat nothing or in other words you die if you are unable to nourish your body.
There are tons of books with nutritional plans and diet suggestions for Cancer patients full of fantastic advice on foods that can heal you or help you live longer but you have to be able to consume them to make it work. Pancreatic Cancer robs you of your digestive abilities in so many ways from stealing your appetite to causing great discomfort when you do eat. You can eat several small meals throughout the day, ingest vitamin rich and protein rich supplements and you can even take your digestive enzymes which are all recommended but there are just going to be times no matter what you do when it is hard to eat.
A nifty little trick my dad found out helped my mother when she did it and more than likely it will help you or your loved one as well and I encourage them to do this faithfully. Consumption of the proper diet during Cancer is vital for strength and for some even recovery. One crisis associated with Pancreatic Cancer specifically is that the entire digestive system is disrupted making it one of the worse Cancers in existence. One simple little item eaten with every meal and snack can provide digestive relief and that is a dill pickle. There is something in the makeup of a dill pickle that aids in digestion and helps prevent acid reflux, sickness and pain associated with diseases that make it difficult for people to eat and digest food. If you are not doing this already you should begin eating a dill pickle with every intake of food and watch the difference. You will be pleasantly surprised and you have nothing to lose. I am not a doctor and this is not medical advice it is just something that could possibly help you or your loved one live longer based upon something I've witnessed first hand. Try letting the dill deal with your digestive issues.
The more a Pancreatic Cancer patient is able to eat especially of Cancer fighting foods; the better their quality of life will be. It doesn't do anyone much good to live long with a disease if they have a poor quality of life and for the Cancer patient quality of life is a critical treasure as you never know how much life you have. What if the ability to eat the right foods helps you live longer on this earth? What if? Aren't dill pickles worth a try? It was very painful seeing my mother not be able to eat. We would get so happy when she had an appetite and then to see her racked with pain after eating was always a scene that killed the joy of the victory we felt we had jachieved ust moments before hand. When the dill pickles helped her digest her food without complications and pain I gained new hope of a prolonged life or recovery for her but she didn't stay consistent with it and that was the downfall.
Thankfully, you can learn from our mistakes. Sometimes it is tough to get a Cancer patient to do what it takes to make them live when they are on mind altering pain killers like morphine. What I recommend is to make sure somehow that the Cancer patient you know, especially those with Pancreatic Cancer continues the dill pickle eating regimen faithfully no matter what it takes. It always amazes me how a component to a cure can be a simple item we never paid attention to before. Two other treatments I recommend that you research on the internet for Cancer are the baking soda treatment and the asparagus treatment. Try everything reasonable until you find something that works.
Secondly, I would like to deal with the topic of debt. Cancer is a very difficult disease to treat and most people don't have enough insurance coverage to deal with the high Cancer treatment bills. All of the medications we had to get for my mother were so numerous and costly that our annual prescription benefits ran out. Some prescriptions cost as much as $800 for a 10 day supply. It is absolutely outrageous that when a person is dying and paying their debt to life they have to almost break themselves just to live or live a little longer in the most peace they can find with the disease. I have a few FREE suggestions for you.
First and foremost please come to the realization that Cancer can happen to anyone. Cancer does not discriminate and no one is exempt. Cancer comes to the rich and the poor, the famous and unknown, the young and the old, the black, white, brown, red and yellow. I would suggest Aflac to everyone and I am not an Aflac agent but I had it years ago and I know that they offer a Cancer plan that pays you a claim upon diagnosis and also helps to pay what the insurance doesn't cover along with supplemental income payments. You would have to contact an agent to get more details. I just wanted to tell you a little about it in this article.
Next I would research studies that are being conducted for Cancer patients. Pancreatic Cancer is a Cancer that has been underserved when it comes to Cancer research and even recently bills have been passed for more Pancreatic Cancer research to be conducted. If a Pancreatic Cancer patient gets accepted into a study they are many times able to receive the latest cutting edge treatments for the disease and at no charge. I definitely recommend taking part in a study but if the treatment seems too hard on your body don't continue. Since Pancreatic Cancer is so difficult to diagnose it usually isn't diagnosed until it is already stage four and at that stage many times there is very little benefits that come from chemotherapy. My mother tried an experimental chemotherapy that did show improvement but she was unable to continue with it due to its effects on her.
The third thing I want to share on the subject of debt relief is in regards to life insurance. The only thing I really have to say about this is make sure you have more than just enough life insurance to cover the funeral. Life insurance should be at an amount that covers funeral arrangements, as well as, bills and living expenses for those left behind. I am both sorry and not sorry to say that. Sorry because the reality that death may occur is very difficult to deal with. It is extremely hard to think about the one you love or even yourself not living anymore. I'm not sorry because it is a possible reality that must be dealt with. My mother left a lot bills for my father to deal with and in his and the family's grief it would have been nice not to have bill collectors callings while we ourselves were grieved to death from our loss. You have to think about income replacement, funeral expenses, bills and existing debt ahead of time. It will make things easier in the long run so please just do it.
In addition to providing people with Pancreatic Cancer and Cancer in general with useful information based upon my experience with Cancer through my mother I have started a business that helps people become mortgage and debt free. Imagine the burden that can be lifted off of you when you own your home outright and have no mortgage payments. Now imagine what it would be like to not only have no mortgage payments but for your bills to be paid off as well such as car notes and credit card bills. Cancer can leave behind devastating debt such as medical and prescription bills on top of debt that was already present before the bills associated with the disease surfaced. Many Cancer patients have to get home care and then there is hospice, legal fees and funeral costs. My job is to help people clear the debt out of their lives so that they can go on living with less pressure.
The way I do this is by introducing people to a little known financial system developed in Australia that is now available in the US and Canada. It is not a bi-weekly or debt roll down program but an advanced financial system that allows people to pay off their mortgages and debt in one third to one half the time allowing them to save thousands and even tens of thousands of dollars in interest while becoming mortgage and debt free. It would have been so much easier on my dad if his home was paid off while my mother went through her dramatic episode with Pancreatic Cancer. Had his mortgage and debt been paid off before she was diagnosed more money would have been available during the Cancer treatment process. You would be amazed as to how many people go into debt while they or a loved one has Cancer. Debt can add up quickly by charging medical bills and medication on credit cards. Some people even skip their house notes to pay medical bills as it is the most important issue at that time. I don't want to help you prioritize debt I want to help you be free from the burden of debt and if you are a home owner I want you to be mortgage free as well.
One person that recently went through this program that I am offering had 8 years left on their mortgage when they started and paid off their mortgage, truck note and credit card debt in less than 13 months with virtually no changes to their current lifestyle on the same income they had always been on. Cancer really hurts badly for the Cancer patient and for those who know and love Cancer victims. I will give you a free analysis on how you can be mortgage and debt free in 1/3 to ½ the time on your current income to see if I can help you in any way. I am also available for contact for more suggestions on dealing with Cancer; specifically Pancreatic Cancer. My thoughts and prayers are with you.
For more information on this phenomenal debt relief program that can help remove the stress factor of debt during or after your Cancer related trial Click Here
My name is Deneene Collins and I want you to know that a new day is coming for you. People we love die but we still must live on and it is important for those with Cancer to live the best life possible while the gift of life is still a present possibility...
Deneene A. Collins
Author, Mentor, Teacher, Spiritual Counselor and Motivational Speaker.
Specializing in the Subjects of: Pancreatic Cancer, Relationships, Business, Overcoming Hardships and Spirituality
Lung cancer is caused by uncontrolled rapid growth of cells in tissues. This type of cancer is most common and results in more than a million deaths every year. This form of cancer is indicated by weight loss or coughing up blood or regularly going out of breath. It can be noticed on chest radio graph also called CT Scan. The treatment that one gets depends on the stage that one is in. Treatment of cancer include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
CLASSIFICATION
Lung cancers are classified after studying under them microscope. Classification is necessary as different type of cancer is treated differently. Large portion of lung cancer are carcinomas - malignancies that grow from epithelial cells. Lung-carcinomas are categorized into two types: non -small and small-cell lung carcinoma. Non-small cell lung carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma account for 80. 4% and 16. 8% frequency of lung cancer, respectively.
1. NON -SMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA
The non -small cell lung carcinomas are grouped together as their prognosis and management are same up to some extent. They are further classified into three types: squamous cell lung carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell lung carcinoma. Squamous cell lung cancer originates near a central bronchus. They account for 25% of lung cancers. Adenocarcinoma starts in peripheral lung tissue. The cases of adenocarcinoma are a result of smoking. They accounts to 40% of non -small cell lung cancers.
2. SMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA
This type of lung cancer is rare. It is sometimes referred to as "oat cell" carcinoma. Most of the times they originate from larger airways (primary and secondary bronchi ) and from there they grow at a rapid pace. This type of lung cancer if mostly associated with smoking.
SECONDARY CANCERS
These cancers are classified on the basis of site of origin like breast cancer but has spread to the lung. Majority of the lung cancers in children are secondary.
STAGING OF LUNG CANCER
Lung cancer staging is used to asses the degree of spread of the cancer from its place of origin. It is an important factor that determines the potential treatment of lung cancer. The degree starts from 1A to 4, 1A being best prognosis and 4 being worst.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Following are the symptoms of lung cancer: 1. Voice becoming hoarse. 2. Sudden loss of weight. 3. Feeling pain in chest region or abdomen. 4. Difficulty in swallowing. 5. Loss of appetite. 6. Running out of breath. Many of the symptoms mentioned above are non -specific. By the time they notice symptoms or signs, cancer has already spread from place of origin. Very few people with this cancer have signs at time of diagnosis, these cancers are noticed on routine chest radio graph.
CAUSES
The three main causes of cancer are: carcinogens (which is found in tobacco ), viral infection and ionizing radiation. If exposed, it causes changes to DNA in tissue lining the bronchi of the lungs. With more and more tissues getting damaged, cancer develops.
1. SMOKING
Smoking is the main cause of cancer. In one cigarette, there are 60 different known types of carcinogens like radioisotopes and nitrosamine. Smoking is believed to cause 80% of these type of cases. The risk is generally less in non -smokers. The time that a person smokes proportionately increases the chances of this cancer. There has been cases that if a person stops smoking, the damaged cells gradually gets repaired. In non-smokers, passive smoking is the main causes of lung-cancer. Passive smoking is one inhaled from another person smoking.
2. RADON GAS
The gas produced from breakdown of radium. This gas is colourless and odorless. Exposure to radiation ionize the genetic material, causing mutations that sometimes turn cancerous. Exposure to radon gas is the second major cause of lung-cancer after smoking.
3. ASBESTOS
Asbestos is responsible for causing a number of cancer, one among them is lung cancer. In UK, asbestos accounts for 2 to 3% of the total cases of this cancer.
4. VIRUS
Viruses are responsible for causing lung-cancer in animals. And research has shown of similar potential in humans.
5. PARTICULATE MATTER
Particulate matter has a direct link to lung cancer cases. The size and quantity of particles in air determines the risk of getting lung-cancer. If concentration of particles increases beyond 1%, then the chances of getting this increases by 14%.
PATHOGENESIS
Just like may other cancer forms, lung cancer is started by activation of ocnogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressing genes. Ocnogenes are those genes that make people more vulnerable to cancer. Ocnogenes are produced from proto-ocnogenes, when the latter is exposed to particular carcinogens. In k-ras proto-oncogene, mutations takes place which are responsible for 10 to 30% of lung adenocarcinomas. Tumor invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell profileration are regulated by the Epidermal growth factor receptor. Mutations and amplification of EGFR are common in non -small cell lung cancer. The basis for treatment with EGFR-inhibitors are also provided by Mutation and amplification of EGFR. Chromosomal damage can lead to loss of heterozygosity which can result in inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Damage to four of these chromosomes:3p, 5q, 13 q and 17 p are common in small cell lung-carcinoma. The p53, which is a tumor suppressor gene, located on chromosome 17p is affected in most of the cases. c-MET, NKX2-1, LKB1, PIK3A and BRAF are also mutated or amplified. Various genetic polymorphisms are supplementary to this cancer. Some of them include polymorphisms in genes coding for interleukin-1, cytochrome p450, apoptosis promoters such as caspase-8, and XRCC1, which is DNA repair molecule. People having these polymorphisms are more likely to develop lung cancer on being exposed to carcinogens. The research has revealed that MDM2 309G allele is a low-penetrant risk factor for developing this in Asians.
DIAGNOSIS
If a person has reported symptoms that might suggest cancer related to lungs, then chest radio graph is performed in the first step. The test reveals the widening of mediastinium, atelectasis and pleural effusion. Even if there are no radio graphic findings but the hint of this is high because of things like the person being heavy smoker with blood-stained sputum then CT-Scan may provide the necessary data. If findings are unnatural in cells in sputum, then they multiplies the risk of this type of cancer. Early detection can be done by Sputum cytologic examination together with other screening examinations. The differential diagnosis for those patients who show irregularities on chest cardiograph consider cancer related to lungs along with non malignant diseases. These consider infectious reasons like tuberculosis or pneumonia. The above mentioned diseases can lead to lung nodules.
PREVENTION
Prevention, just like always, is better than cure. Steps in this direction have been taken by may countries by identifying carcinogens and banning them but tobacco, which is the major cause of lung cancer, is still common. Eliminating cigarette smoking is first hand target in the prevention of lung cancer. Steps to lessen Passive smoking have also being taken by banning smoking in public places and workplaces. New Zealand has restricted smoking in open places. A similar step is also taken by Chandigarh, India. Bhutan has criminalized smoking since 2005.
SCREENING
Screening is used to detect disease by doing medical tests when the patient is not showing any symptoms. Chest radio graph or computed tomography are the tests used for screening of lung cancer. But, results have shown, that screening tests for lung cancer rarely has shown any benefit.
TREATMENT
The treatment of lung cancer can be done in following ways, depending on the stage or degree of cancer:
1. SURGERY
If doctors have detected lung cancer, then CT scan and positron emission tomography are usually applied to check if the disease is placed and surgery can be done or it has moved to the point where performing surgery is not possible. Surgery can only be performed if spirometry reveals good respiratory reserve, but if it is poor, then surgery is not possible. Even surgery has a death operative rate of 4. 4% but that is because of patient's lung function and other factors.
2. CHEMOTHERAPY
Chemotherapy, along with radiation, is used to treat small cell lung carcinoma. Primary chemotherapy is also used in metastatic non -small cell lung carcinoma.
3. RADIOTHERAPY
Radiotherapy, with chemotherapy, is given when patient is not fit to under go surgery. This type of high intensity radiotherapy is called radical radiotherapy. CHART (continuos hyperfractioned accelerated radiotherapy ) is refined version of this technique in which a high dose of radiotherapy is given for a short period of time. When cancer affects a short section of bronchus, then brachytherapy is given.
EPIDEMOLOGY
Lung cancer is the most widely reported cancer. There are 1. 35 million cases every year and 1. 18 million deaths. Lung cancer develop among those who have a history of smoking over a long period of years i. e 50 years and above. In addition to smoking, passive smoking is also a factor that causes lung cancer. Even the emissions from factories, automobiles, power plants pose a threat to human health. Lung cancer is found to have a reciprocal effect with sunlight and UVB exposure. This is due to effect of Vitamin D, produced in skin during exposure to sunlight.
We, whealthfitness means world fitness health provide important and valuable health and fitness like Lung Cancer Information on our latest Disease Information Blog. For more information visit our website whealthfitness.com.
We all wish to avoid contracting cancer, a condition of chaotic rather than normal patterns and growth of our body cells. We know that there are many factors found to contribute to this condition and are fully recognized. Many of these are to be found in our modern lifestyle in the abundant use of synthetic chemicals we employ but which provide irritants if not direct carcinogenic causes of the disease.
In spite of the billions of dollar spent in researching the disease that is so often to prove a fatal one, there is no known drug that is guaranteed to cure, particularly if nothing is done to address the well known underlying causes. At the present time it is obvious that medical research has chosen the long route with no improvement as the cancer statistics of populations in western countries continues to rise.
We as individuals must do everything possible to avoid the negatives and to increase our own personal, positive habits that will build natural good health and vitality that provides our real defence against cancer, and all other diseases. So what can we do through our nutrition, the major single cause of cancer? Our diet remains a controllable factor, dependent upon the policy we choose to effect in our own home. We must also resist the negative commercial food advertising that tries to convince us that they are offering us the cheapest, the tastiest, and the best!
The following information may prove helpful for you in motivating your own health programme, and possibly introducing you to some foods that will be therapeutic if you are already suffering cancer and wish to find a more natural alternative to the one that is failing us in the general medical treatment system.
Acerola (Malpighia glabra) is proving invaluable in the treatment of many diseases, including cancer. The berries are extremely high in vitamin C, with each fruit providing about 80 times more than fresh orange juice and therefore considered the most superior known source of this essential vitamin.
Alfalfa, Lucerne (Medicago sativa) a fodder plant with high nutrient content with all known vitamins, 8 digestive enzymes and calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium. It can be taken as a tea made from leaves or the sprouted seeds can be enjoyed fresh in savouries. It is considered to have great nutritional as well as healing properties and to give new vigour to body cells. Cancer patients benefit by including this plant in their regular diet.
Aloe vera (Aloe vera) juice is used both internally for cancer of the gastro-intestinal tract and is a proven application when externally used for healing skin cancer. The gel is a liquid tonic in treating problems of the gastro intestinal system such as irritable bowel syndrome. It is also particularly soothing for those suffering from bowel cancer.
Apricot Kernel (Prunus armeniaca)The kernels of the apricot fruit contain oil, albumen, sugar, mucus and cyanogenetic heteroside. A cottage cure for cancer consists of eating 2-3 kernels per day. It is possible that seeds of other plants of the Prunus genus and also apple and pear seeds have the same curative properties. The problem lies in getting a minimum dose that will not prove toxic. Its use is therefore restricted in most countries without a long traditional use.
Astragalus Root (Astragalus membranaceus) helps strengthen the immune system and generates anti-cancer cells in the body. It is known as an adaptogen. It enhances cell metabolism, delaying cell ageing, boosts protein synthesis in the liver, stimulates immune system, restores adrenal cortex function and improves metabolism. It is regularly prescribed to correct the complex condition of many cancers.
Beetroot Juice (Beta vulgaris) proven in Germany to cure 'incurable' cancer patients is used by Dr. Siegmund Schmidt, to reduce effects of radiation therapy. The effective remedy employs the beet after its preparation that excludes the section immediately below the juncture of the leaves.
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica) Eating fresh organically grown broccoli you will find that it is so tender that it melts in the mouth and makes you look forward to the next mouthful with no need for encouragement - even children love it. It is one of the main vegetables recommended fro those who wish to avoid bowel cancer.
Cabbage, raw (Brassica oleracea capitata) the juice provides a strong tonic for those suffering any serious condition of the digestive system including stomach cancer. In the latter case, the freshly juiced cabbage must be first diluted with water so not to irritate the stomach lining. Best to take a teaspoon of Slippery Elm powder 5 minutes beforehand as described under "S".
Carrots (Daucus carota) raw carrots and carrot juice some claim this alone as a cure for cancer.It is only by juicing the carrots that we can expect results as it is not possible to eat the number of root required to provide what is needed. It is a delicious drink and should be taken once a day.
Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) external and internal for cancer relieves pain of stomach and intestinal cancer - soothes and heals tissues. Home grown comfrey leaves are tender enough to cut up in salads or to juice through with carrots or other material. The thicker outer leaves are tasty when dipped in light batter and shallow fried. Comfrey extract is available from herbalists either from the root source, or the leaves.
Couchgrass (Agropyron repens) for prostatic hypertrophy Agropyron together with Hydrangea is given for prostate enlargement. The medicinal extract is available through herbalists and after proper identification in your home garden, a tea may be made at home. This is sometimes as effective as other well known specific herbs for the complaint. Prostate conditions can remain benign if we maintain our good general state of health and refrain from hasty decisions to undergo surgery.
Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) To protect cells from any abnormal or cancerous changes, be sure to eat cranberries regularly. Not only are they rich, as are all the berry fruits, in antioxidants, but have a unique property that helps to prevent mutations in DNA and therefore inhibiting growth of tumors. This property is called ellagic acid, that to quote Gary D Stoner, Ph.D, director of the cancer chemo-prevention program at Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center in Columbus, "....Ellagic acid has what we call anti-initiating activity. It inhibits the genetic damage that starts the cancer process."
Echinacea, Purple Coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia) contains inulin and is diaphoretic, alterative in action, an antitoxin medicine. The herbal extract is readily available in the popular treatment for flu and septic infections and blood poisoning but is prescribed also in the treatment of cancer. Homoeopaths treat many diseases with homoeopathic doses of echinacea. Internally it reduces pain and improves ability to resist infection or disease.
Garlic (Allium sativum) and raw onions one of the best preventative medicines. Garlic for carcinoma and a strong preventive against cancer. In Japan fresh garlic has shown a successful degree of immunity. Garlic is an old traditional remedy for the lungs, now shown to be invaluable in the treatment of lung conditions such as cancer.
Ginger (Zingiber officinalis) is believed to be a powerful preventive and also to cure cancer. If any acute condition of the digestive system precludes eating the fresh root as a regular part of the diet, a delightful tea can be made from sliced pieces of the root and with honey added.
Grape (Vitis vinifera) Fresh juice is a fine tonic to treat or to avoid cancer. A grape cure - eating only grapes for some days - is claimed by some to be effective but the juice and fasting is best. The seeds should also be chewed on occasion and the cold pressed grape seed oil used unheated in the diet.
Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) is high in antioxidants and inhibits some cancers due to the presence of polyphenols. It is becoming very popular as an alternative to ordinary tea.
Liquorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is one of the most important herbs for prevention of cancer and for its treatment also . It is considered by the Chinese of value along with ginseng and other herbs. It offers a defence and strengthens one's immunity. A simple way to take it is to select and enjoy a good quality confection, if your local herbalist cannot supply the pure extract.
Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is known to have high vitamin B and potassium content and an inhibiting substance in which tumour cells cannot survive and proliferate . It helps in reducing free radicals and histamine.
Pawpaw (Carica papaya)The latex of the green fruit is used for treatment of skin cancers in Ghana. Trials involving the leaves for internal use in cancer as well as for external application to tumours are promising and have been employed for several decades in North Queensland for this purpose.
Petty Spurge,Cancer Weed (Euphorbia peplus) is used commonly in Australia as an external treatment for skin cancer.
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)This common pasture plant is a valuable blood tonic for stamina, tone and prescribed in arthritis, coronary thrombosis and now laboratory tests show its affect in inhibiting tumours. This confirms its traditional use in Chinese medicine. The tea made from the flowers is recommended as a daily drink for those with breast cancer. It is being researched by western medicine for its potential in the treatment of cancers in general.
Shepherd's Purse, Shovelweed (Capsella bursa-pastoris) is a common garden weed. A safe tonic for breast cancer, or as a preventative, is to include a few leaves in salads regularly. Be sure to identify the plant before use.
Slippery Elm Powder (Ulmus fulva, U. rubra) This is an anti inflammatory, soothing remedy used for cancer of the digestive tract. It is marketed as a fine powder a teaspoonful of which is to be mixed with warm to hot water into a thin soup-like paste and swallowed shortly before mealtimes. Its common name tends to put people off the remedy but the taste is acceptable and should be persevered with. It takes its place not only as a traditional invalid food, but has saved many people from the pain of stomach ulceration and gastro-intestinal inflammations and disorders. Many can testify to its marvellous, almost magical soothing properties.
Tomato, Love Apple (Lycopersicon esculentum) has earned its place as a valued tonic food to help prevent cancer. Tomatoes contain nitrosamine blockers . Nitrosamine is capable of inducing cancer. It is therefore becoming better known that tomatoes in abundance are advisable in our diet.
Tumeric (Curcuma longa syn C. domestica) The root is a valued food medicine and considered a powerful in the prevention of cancer. Its value as a high antioxidant is considered by some to be equal or greater than vitamin E for this purpose. Tumeric is considered invaluable in all Asian food and medicine.
Violet leaves (Viola odorata) are traditionally included in cancer cures. Leaves and sometimes flowers are made into a tisane and used for external bathing of skin cancers and other conditions and also taken as internal tonic. It is an ancient remedy for pain as well as to cure tumours. A few leaves in salads taken regularly in the diet provides a deterrent to cancer. It is an ingredient in the famous Hoxey tonic that claimed great success in the U.S
Vitamin C is of vital importance. It is essential to increase it in the diet in order to prevent cancer. It is not the synthetic vitamin pill that is referred to but the natural vitamin found in hundreds of fresh, cultivated fruits and foods and of course organically grown produce in mind as the finest quality. Some of the highest content are found in acerola berries.
Wheatgrass Juice (Triticum sp.) a little each day is claimed as a home cure for cancer and in some countries the juice is commercially available. Otherwise the seed has to be cultivated at home and harvested for juicing when the plants are about six inches (15cm) high.
It is imperative when seeking to employ self help methods, to properly ascertain the correctness of species of a plant not in your common use.. Seek the advice of a herbalist or professional botanist before using plants that are not familiar.
Enjoy eating the fresh foods that are loaded with vitamins and health promoting elements. Be encouraged on your way as you will be following a natural and simple path towards better health through common sense, self discipline and a future free of the fear of disease and invasive treatment methods.
Sally Wilson, professional herbalist and naturopath has wide experience in herbal remedies and is renowned for research in a range of specializations. Most dominant is the application of medicinal healing herbs. Another interest has been to identify garden plants that cause infant and animal poisoning. In addition to the range of well known pasture poisons that affect stock, there are common plants that are toxic to our pets, as detailed in her book Some Plants are Poisonous published by Reed Books, Australia 1997.
Traditional herbalism is based on its principle is to retain the whole plant chemistry as nature has created it. It is this essential that makes herbal remedies unique and so safe to use.
Herbs and foods are natural medicines.
An introduction on the disease
Cancer is a cluster of many associate diseases which originates inside a human cell and with time it grows and mutates and moves through the blood vessels taking a toll on the tissues and other organs of the body, damaging them and every other part that comes in their way of movement.
With over 100 varieties, it is a deadly disease for the cancer patients and can affect any part of the body and for any number of causes. Each known type of cancer has its own influence on the body and mostly all have the same intensity of damage.
Common Types
Among all diagnosed cancer types around the world, it is seen that both men and women suffer from skin cancer, which is common and predominant in most of the young people. Many patients get affected with skin cancer every year.
The other common types of the disease listed on the basis of diagnosis report are:
• colon
• endometrial
• leukemia
• lung cancer
• melanoma
• pancreatic
• prostate
• bladder
• breast
• kidney (renal cell)
• non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• thyroid
A brief on the Types
The list of common class of the disease is determined with its regular and frequent occurrence in patients and the estimated rate of annual incidences have to touch 35000 or even more.
If the highest incidence rate stands for skin cancer then the lowest on the occurrence list is of thyroid cancer. The probable number of new cases of thyroid cancer patients for the year 2009 is 37200.
Rectal and colon cancers are collectively referred to as colorectal cancers and are jointly responsible for 146970 new cases. The individual cases of colon cancer is 106,100 and rectal cancer with 40,870 respectively.
Renal pelvis cancers and renal parenchyma cancers are the main sub divisions of Kidney cancers. Apparently, 85 percent of the disease grow in the renal parenchyma and most of them fall in the category of renal cell cancers. The study brings about a probable 49,096 new cases of renal cell cancers.
Lastly leukemia, which is not very responsive to cancer treatment, has various forms including acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous, acute lymphoblastic, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and others. According to estimations, more than 44,790 new cases of this kind of diseases have been recorded in 2009.
Kinds categorized by body system
It is such a critical disease which can affect and damage your each and every body part, slowly destroying the tissues and organs in and around the way of the progressing cancerous cell.
Blood Cancer relates to
• Multiple Myeloma
• Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
• Lymphoma
• Leukemia
Bone Cancer relates to
• Osteosarcoma
• Ewing's Sarcoma
Brain Cancer relates to
• Brain Stem Glioma, which occurs in childhood
• Cerebral Astrocytoma/Malignant Glioma, which occurs in childhood
• Ependymoma, which occurs in childhood
• Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors and Pineoblastoma, which occurs in childhood
• Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma, which occurs in childhood
• Adult Brain Tumor
• Cerebellar Astrocytoma, which occurs in childhood
• Medulloblastoma, which occurs in childhood
Breast Cancer relates to
• lobular carcinoma in situ
• Paget's disease of the nipple
• ductal carcinoma in situ
• inflammatory breast
• Invasive types
Gastrointestinal Cancers relates to
• Carcinoid Tumor, Gastrointestinal
• Esophageal
• Gallbladder
• Liver, Adult Primary
• Pancreatic
• Rectal
• Stomach (Gastric) Cancer
• Anal
• Colon
• Bile Duct, Extrahepatic
• Small Intestine
Endocrine Cancers relates to
• Carcinoid Tumor, Gastrointestinal
• Parathyroid
• Pheochromocytoma
• Thyroid
• Adrenocortical Carcinoma
• Islet Cell Carcinoma (Endocrine Pancreas)
• Pituitary Tumor
Eye Cancer relates to
• Retinoblastoma
• Melanoma, Intraocular
Genitourinary Cancers related to
• Kidney (Renal Cell)
• Prostate
• Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer, Transitional Cell
• Urethral
• Wilms' Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors
• Bladder
• Penile
• Testicular
Gynecologic Cancers relates to
• Endometrial
• Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor
• Uterine Sarcoma
• Vulvar
• Cervical
• Ovarian
• Vaginal
Head and Neck Cancer relates to
• Laryngeal
• Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer
• Nasopharyngeal
• Oropharyngeal
• Parathyroid
• Hypopharyngeal
• Lip and Oral
• Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity
• Salivary Gland
Respiratory Cancers relates to
• Lung Cancer, Small Cell
• Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma
• Lung Cancer, Non-Small Cell
• Malignant Mesothelioma
Skin Cancers relates to
• Kaposi's Sarcoma
• Melanoma
• Non-Melanoma Skin
• Merkel Cell Carcinoma
• Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Writing is my life and I love it. I write a lot of Articles and Blogs to relay all of my Experience about Cancer. To know more about the disease Click Here
There are many risk factors that can potentiate breast cancer in women, and the life time incidence of breast cancer is 1 in 8. This means for every 8 women you know, one of them will develop this type of cancer in their lifetime. So what causes breast cancer and what are we doing to help this to happen?
Cancer of the breast occurs when certain cells within breast tissue divide in a manner which allows uncontrolled growth and destruction of surrounding tissue; the cancer cell can then spread to lymph glands and other organs where they grow in the same destructive way. This growth is not the normal growth that is necessary to the function of the body part it is growing in, in this case, breast tissue. Researchers continue to look for the different factors which can influence the occurrence of breast cancer. They feel that essentially something happens to the DNA or genes of the cells which causes the factors which normally control growth to be compromised. This could be a genetic mutation a woman is born with, it can be age, exposure to radiation at a younger age, or a host of other lifestyle issues.
There are many causes for breast cancer, but one risk factor which has been raised and is somewhat controversial is that of obesity. There are statistics from research centers suggesting that 25-30% of breast cancer may be prevented by maintaining a lean body mass. Epidemiologists note that the incidence of this kind of cancer is rising, however they speculate that our genes have been essentially the same over the past many decades.
So what does fat have to do with breast cancer? The fat cells that develop later in life tend to store estrogen, so the more fat there is, the more estrogen the breast tissue will be exposed to. Since estrogen fuels many breast cancers, this could lead to an increased risk that some researchers feel is as high as 60 %. It is recommended by the American Cancer Society to engage in 30 minutes of exercise 5 days a week to lower your risk of cancer. It is also recommended that even lean women continue to work at maintaining increased muscle mass to lessen the creation of new fat cells. As mentioned above, this risk factor is felt to be controversial and not easy to prove. It has been noted however, that the risk of breast cancer seems to occur when weight is gained later in life and not at a younger age. This may in part be due to the fact that weight gain in menopausal years is often visceral fat which is hormonally more active than subcutaneous fat.
What are the other risk factors for Breast Cancer?
1. Gender- being female means increased amounts of estrogen acting on cell growth in breast tissue.
2. Age- 2/3 s of breast cancer occurs after age 55; 1/8 of breast cancers occur under age 45. Age effects the genes which regulate our bodies function and the older a person is, the more likelihood a mistake in the genetic code will occur.
3. Genetic factors- many women believe that if no one in their family has had cancer of the breast, they are not likely to get it. Inherited genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 only account for 5-10% of cancers.
4. Family history- having a first degree relative (mother, sister, daughter) with breast cancer doubles the risk of developing this form of cancer. It is thought that 20-30% of women with breast cancer have a positive family history.
5. Prior history of breast cancer- this increases risk of a second cancer not considered a recurrence by 3-4 times.
6. Race and ethnicity- there is a slightly higher rate of breast cancer in White women over African American women, however African American women are more likely to die from their cancer as they tend to get more aggressive types of breast cancer. Asian, Hispanic and Native American women have a lower incidence and risk of dying from breast cancer.
7. Dense breast tissue- make screening harder, there is more glandular tissue and less fatty tissue.
8. Menses- beginning before age 12 and menopause after 55 increases risk due to breast tissue being exposed to more hormonal cycles. For this same reason, no children or children after 30 and less years of breast feeding can also mean more estrogen and progesterone exposure to breast tissue which in turn raises risk.
9. Previous chest radiation for other conditions such as lymphoma and certain cancers which can occur at young age.
10. DES- Women who were given DES during pregnancy and their daughters in utero at that time are at higher risk for breast cancer due to mutations of genes.
There are some life style issues that are felt to affect the risk of getting cancer in breast tissue. There is a slight increase in risk to women who have been on Oral Contraceptives for several years although this risk declines when the OCP is stopped and continues to decline there after.
Combined HRT has been shown in studies to increase the risk of cancer in breast tissue in as little as 2 years of use. This risk is somewhat attenuated when estrogen is used alone, without progesterone.
Use of more than 7 alcoholic drinks a week can also increase risk of breast cancer, this risk can be as much as 1 ? times normal if 2-5 drinks per day are consumed on a regular basis.
Having one or more of the above risk factors does not mean a woman will get breast cancer, it merely reflects risk may be higher. Life style changes may help reduce those risks. In many cases, the diagnosis of cancer can be made early, treatments have come a long way and are very effective. There continues to be exciting research discovering new factors influencing the occurrence and growth of breast cancer, which can and will open up new therapies.
Having risk factors and an unhealthy life style can potentiate any kind of cancer, hopefully the above information will help you to reduce your risk of cancer occurring in you breasts. There are also many other health benefits to a healthy lifestyle, not just cancer prevention. Heart health and bone health are also achieved with a healthy diet, exercise, avoidance of cigarette smoking and limiting alcohol. It is not just our genes, it is also what we do to those genes.
Anne Vaillancourt @ http://www.femalemenopausementors.com
I am a practicing Physician Assistant for 27 years and have been working in Family Practice for 15 1/2 years. I see a wide variety of medical problems, but primarily focus in women's health. I also have a blog, title above, with another PA. We are providing information to menopausal and post menopausal women about health issues associated with aging.
Breast Cancer Symptoms in Men
There is a common misconception that men cannot have breast cancer. Men often ignore the symptoms of cancer or mistake them for other illnesses. Factors such as social stigma and embarrassment contribute to the increasing denial among men of the possibility of getting cancer of the breast The development of male cancer ( of the breast) is largely similar to what women encounter. Males around the ages of sixty and seventy are more prone to the incidence of this type of cancer than any other age group.
Cancer Statistics
The latest American Cancer Society estimates for male breast cancer shows that in 2009 about 1,910 cases will be diagnosed with about 440 fatalities. Approximately one percent of the cancer cases, cancer of the breast cases, affect men. The lifetime risk for developing this type of cancer is at about one in a thousand. Recent studies also shows that the prognosis for this type of cancer for both men and women remains the same and the outlook is still hinged on what stage the cancer was diagnosed.
As in any other cancer, early detection and treatment is vital to an individual's survival. Thus, men are encouraged to be more aware of the cancer's signs and symptoms. Educating males in combating the social stigma brought about by cancer also assist in helping men against this type of cancer.
Detecting breast cancer in men
Knowledge and awareness on the signs and symptoms of cancer are very valuable in delivering the earliest possible detection and treatment for men with this cancer of the breast. Here are some of the symptoms associated with cancer of the breast.
Painless development of lump or thickening of the breast
Scaling and redness of the nipple and surrounding area
Indentation or retraction in the nipple area
Bloody or clear nipple discharge
Risk Factors
There are several factors that increase the risk of men getting cancer of the breast. Some of which like genetics and age are uncontrollable. However, some risk factors such as poor diet, alcohol consumption and smoking can be controlled, so it best to learn what we need to avoid. Below is a list of breast cancer risk factors in men.
The average age of male breast cancer diagnosis is sixty-seven and breast cancer commonly occurs in men between the ages of sixty and seventy.
One in five men with breast cancer had a female relative who had breast cancer too.
Those who have undergone prior radiation treatment on the chest area have a greater likelihood for breast cancer.
About five to ten percent of male breast cancers are inherited. Genetic defects on the CHEK-2, p53 tumor suppressor, BRCA2 and BRCA1 genes increases a person's cancer risk. These genes usually help prevent cancer by keeping cells from growing abnormally.
Those who had a history of Klinefelter syndrome, a congenital abnormality wherein males had an extra X chromosome resulting to lower levels of male hormones and increased female hormones.
Those who had taken estrogen-related drugs have a higher risk for breast cancer. Breast cancer cells are known to have estrogen receptors which improve the cancer's ability to progress.
Those who had liver diseases are also at risk as the body's estrogen activity increases while the androgen activity reduces when a person is experiencing liver diseases, such as cirrhosis of the liver.
Those who are obese may also be at risk for male breast cancer due to increased number of fat cells. Fat cells produce estrogen from androgen, thus increasing the estrogen concentration in the body.
Excessive alcohol drinking also promotes breast cancer in men mainly due to the fact that alcohol consumption increases liver diseases and fat accumulation.
Treatment options for cancer of the breast in men
There are a number of treatment methods available for men with cancer of the breast. These methods do not differ from those done for women. Cancer staging is done to determine the best breast cancer treatment option a patient needs. Here are some of the treatment options available.
Surgery - There are several surgical options used to remove breast cancer in men these include simple mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Simple mastectomy involves removal of all breast tissue including lobules, ducts, fatty tissue and skin including the nipple and areola.
In a modified radical mastectomy, the surgeon removes the entire breast and a portion of the underarm lymph nodes. The surgeon may also remove chest wall muscle if the cancer has spread to that area. The lymph nodes will be examined to check if the cancer has spread and additional treatment is necessary.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a procedure developed to locate sentinel nodes, lymph nodes receiving drainage from a breast tumor. Sentinel nodes are removed for biopsy to check for cancer development to the other lymph nodes. This procedure decreases the risk of complications as removal of a single node is necessary for examination.
Radiation Therapy - High energy x-rays are used to kill cancer cells during a radiation therapy. Administered by a radiation oncologist, the therapy is commonly done before surgery to shrink the tumor or after surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells. Radiation therapy is often painless but may result in tiredness in men who had undergone therapy and tenderness of the breast.
Chemotherapy
Hormone Therapy
Biological Therapy
Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body after breast cancer surgery. The treatment is usually scheduled every two to three weeks after surgery for about three to six months.
Chemotherapy may be administered intravenously or in pill form. Most patients choose oral chemotherapy as this reduces the need to visit the clinic and can be done at home.
Some chemotherapies target the cancer itself reducing damage to healthy cells. Still, side affects like hair loss, fatigue, vomiting and loss of cognitive abilities may occur.
Estrogen receptor positive breast cancers rely on estrogen to induce the development of breast cancer cells. Hormone therapy is administered in order to prevent estrogen from bonding to sites in the body where cancer cells may have spread. The male hormone, androgen also helps in the growth of cancer cells. Thus, limiting both estrogen and androgen levels are essential in abating the spread of cancer cells.
In biological therapy, a biological response modifier is used to stimulate the body's immune system to combat cancer. This helps in enhancing the body's natural defense against specific diseases such as cancer. However, biological therapy is still in clinic trials.
You do not want any type of cancer to reach these stages. This is why Thit is extremely essential that you go and see a doctor as soon as possible, the moment you see any of these possible cancer symptoms given above manifesting themselves. Listen to your body "talk", and follow the signs.
Don't Fall Victim to Breast Cancer, Identify the Early Warning Signs and Find out about Symptoms and Treatment Options Today. Visit Symptoms-of-Cancer.com today and find more information about how to identify Breast Cancer Symptoms
Device external radiation treatment
Example of an ultrasound affected by prostate cancer (ultrasound can be used to guide a biopsy). Cancer develops from the tissues of the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system when cells will mutate to spread so uncontrollably.
These can spread (metastasize is) in migrating from the prostate to other parts of the body (especially bones and lymph nodes).
Prostate cancer occurs regardless of benign prostatic hypertrophy (or prostate adenoma). It is in the vast majority of cases adenocarcinoma.
Prostate cancer can cause pain, difficulty urinating, erectile dysfunction and other symptoms. Treatment is by surgery, radiotherapy, hormone therapy and sometimes chemotherapy, or combination of these methods.
Frequency
The rate of breast cancer varies widely throughout the world. It is less widespread in South Asia and Far East, more common in Europe and even the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer is rare among Asians and more prevalent among blacks (high rates may also be influenced by the increased effort detection).
Prostate cancer develops most often in men over fifty years. This is the type of cancer most common in men, where he is responsible for more deaths than any other cancer (except lung cancer). However, many men who develop prostate cancer symptoms do not, do not undergo any therapy and die for other reasons. Many factors of genetic origin, toxicological and diet-related seem involved in the development of this cancer.
We find outbreaks of cancer cells in 30 to 70% of cases in studies performed in autopsies of men 70 to 80 years; prostate cancer remains the most often asymptomatic: the probability of a man 50 years know a diagnosis of prostate cancer is only 10%. In 3% of cases, this cancer will be fatal.
Geography of Prostate Cancer
There are significant differences in the expression of this cancer, which seems more common among the black man, or where the family has a history pathological with this condition. From 1983-2002, while deaths from cancer were generally higher in the Caribbean city, deaths from prostate cancer and stomach were twice as common in the Caribbean in the mainland (while colorectal cancer and lung cancer were three times less frequent). This could be explained by both genetic reasons and food (green tea and / or soybeans or other foods rich in selenium) which appear to protect most Japanese living in Japan (while living in the United States is not).
Causes
They are not known with precision.
There is a genetic predisposition and the presence of certain genes seems slightly correlated with the onset of the disease. In particular, a mutation on chromosome 8 might explain the higher incidence of this cancer in black American.
Nutritional causes were discussed with a potentially protective role of lycopene. Similarly, exercise may have a slightly protective effect and tobacco a deleterious effect.
Symptomatology and detection
In most cases, prostate cancer is asymptomatic, ie it is discovered when it does not own event to it. It is most often found:
During blood tests, including investigation of the PSA (specific antigen for prostate, whose predictive value and use, without proven benefit to public health, has recently been called into question). The PSA is a protein normally secreted by prostate cells, but cancer cells secrete 10 times more than a normal cell. This property has raised many hopes in terms of screening. The blood level of PSA can be increased by many other factors (the prostate volume, infections and / or inflammation, the mechanical (digital rectal other)...) or decreased by certain treatments for benign hypertrophy (ministered). The thresholds of significance are therefore difficult to establish. It is recognized, however, rates of PSA between 4 and 10 ng / ml are doubtful, but it is clearly significant beyond. Some authors have proposed to bring the rate to its actual weight of the prostate, or assess the free PSA / total PSA, or the kinetic growth rate over 2 years. Scorer still uncertain for screening, the PSA level is, however, a key indicator for monitoring and treatment of cancers reported.
During a rectal examination, conducted as systematic or because of symptoms related to another illness (especially benign prostatic hypertrophy) incidentally, on parts of resection of the prostate during surgical treatment of prostate adenoma.
When it is symptomatic prostate cancer is most often at an advanced stage. It can lead to: acute retention of urine, hematuria, sexual impotence, impaired general condition pain and / or malfunction or failure of other organs associated with the presence of metastases
Diagnosis
The diagnostic orientation based on two key elements: the digital rectal examination and determination of PSA blood. The abnormality of one or both leaves suspect prostate cancer. It will be confirmed or not, by taking a sample of the prostate (biopsy) for examination under a microscope. Only the positivity of these biopsies permits to plan and begin treatment of this cancer. Once confirmed the diagnosis of prostate cancer, we conduct a bone scan in search of bone metastases and abdomino-pelvic CT or MRI abdomino-pelvic to clarify the extension of the tumor in the prostate and houses of possible pelvic lymph node metastases, retroperitoneal or liver.
Clinique
Clinical examination is the fundamental digital rectal exam.
The most specific induration of the gland. This induration may be nodular, it may also involve an entire lobe or the entire gland palpable. A heterogeneous consistency or asymmetry are much less specific signs, which can also translate a simple adenoma, particularly when the prostate is larger.
Ultrasound trans-rectal biopsies
There is currently no consideration imaging practice that could only detect an outbreak of prostate adenocarcinoma with a sensitivity and specificity satisfactory.
Contrary to popular belief still widespread, and although this review and is still often prescribed endorectal ultrasound alone has no relevance to the positive diagnosis of prostate cancer, under the inconvenience it is likely to cause. It shall, however, when its interest is used to guide prostate biopsies. Other imaging modalities (scan, MRI) have an interest in the balance sheet expansion.
Technique
An endorectal ultrasound probe equipped with a guide needle is inserted into the rectum. Biopsies were performed with needles fitted with a notched mandrel. The mandrel penetrates the first. The needle just cover, and decide to imprison and the fragment of prostate located in the notch. The movement of chuck and the needle are automated by a system of springs and the taking is a few hundredths of a second. The screen of the ultrasound, with a landmark representing the path of the needle, permits, thus firing biopsy very precise.
The number of biopsies, and where they should be, are not well codified and many protocols have been proposed: the aim is to obtain a sample as representative as possible. Currently, it is frequently performed 5 to 6 samples per lobe, or 10 to 12 in total. These numbers may be reduced or increased depending on the size of the prostate, tolerance of the patient, or if a second set of biopsies.
Preparation and conduct
This is a frequently performed as an outpatient, ie without hospitalization, or during hospitalization "for days". A rectal preparation (enemas) is often advocated. Many centers now offer systematic antibiotic (short antibiotic treatment to reduce infectious complications). The concomitant anticoagulation is in principle against inappropriate and that any treatment can be subject to arrest or a temporary modification.
Tolerance
Acceptance of the review is particularly variable from one patient to another. Each biopsy is shooting itself very painful. However, their repetition, and especially the presence and movement of the probe are the main factors of discomfort. The inconvenience of this review may justify the use of local or general anesthesia. Local anesthesia with a gel anesthetic (lidocaine gel) has never demonstrated its effectiveness. Local anesthesia by injection of lidocaine on each side of the prostate (nerves pudendaux) has shown in many studies improved tolerance of the examination, however incomplete, because of its low efficiency discomfort associated with the presence of the probe. Anesthesia "general" Mild equimolar mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide ( "MEOPA") has recently been evaluated and appears very effective in this indication. It is even more interesting that easy to implement because does not require an anesthetist and seems almost devoid of side effects. General anesthesia "classic" is rarely used, reserved for patients who have suffered greatly during the first of a series of prostate biopsies.
Suites
Any pain disappear in a few tens of minutes. Can occur fairly frequent small bleeding through the anus and in urine for 24 to 72 hours without gravity. Small nets blood may also interfere with sperm for several days, again without any consequences.
Anatomopathologie
Cancer begins peripheral portion of the gland, unlike benign prostatic hypertrophy of interest to the central area, périurétrale.
The diagnosis is focused on the examination of the biopsy or surgical specimen.
The seriousness of evolution is correlated with the microscopic appearance (Gleason score), the level of PSA and the spread of the disease.
Bilan extension
The spread of the disease when the disease must be determined in order to better tailor therapy. Therefore the presence of bone metastases, lung and liver, knowing that bone metastases are most frequent. We must look for lymph node metastases in the pelvis and the retrograde (around the abdominal aorta). it must finally try to clarify the extension of the tumor in the prostate, particularly whether the latter exceeds the prostate capsule or not.
The means of imaging used in routine generally low ability to show (ultrasound scan, MRI) or to precisely locate (scan) the original prostate lesions, owing to the low blood of breast cancer. MRI is the least bad review to determine the local extension.
MRI scanners or new generation (volume) are used to search the achievement of lymph nodes, but only nodes whose size is increased are detected. New products in contrast MRI, so-called "super-para-magnetic" could improve the detection of lymph nodes affected.
The positron emission tomography (PET camera, PET-scan) did not indicate however, because of very little or no hypermetabolism prostate cancer.
a blood test can check the status of kidney and liver functions.
Treatment
The age, overall health of humans as well as the extent of spread, appearance under the microscope and the response of cancer to initial treatment are important to predict the outcome of the disease.
As prostate cancer is a disease of elderly men, many will die for other reasons before the prostate cancer could spread or cause symptoms. This makes the difficult choice of treatment. Decide whether or not we treat localized cancer of the prostate (a tumor confined within the prostate) with intent to heal is that arbitration must be made between the positive and negative expected to point of view of patient survival and quality of life.
The treatment should be discussed on a case by case basis following the extension of cancer, the patient's general condition and related diseases. A simple monitoring may be recommended in the elderly or among holders of a very localized.
Medical treatment
Hormone
There is a correlation between the production of testosterone (male hormone) and the multiplication of cancer cells. A blocking or greatly reducing the production of this hormone can effectively curb the disease. Some drugs are administered as a subcutaneous injection every 3 months. Others are administered orally. Side effects are, however numerous, but rarely serious. The hormone, which was the treatment of advanced forms, or metastatic, saw its indications extended to the treatment of tumors rejected for surgery (because of the size of the tumor, the risk of surgery not complete ,...) and why the rate of relapse after radiotherapy remained important. The overall control of the disease, adding radiotherapy and hormone therapy for 3 years, can improve significantly the number of patients for whom the disease remains undetectable. The pulpectomy (testicular tissue ablation) is no longer used since the 90s.
Chemotherapy
Until the early 2000s, the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer, and whose usual treatment hormonotherapy by becoming ineffective (tried in particular on increasing PSA despite repeated androgen suppression) 's has proved a failure. The advent of docetaxel (Taxotere °) amended the therapeutic possibilities, Entr'ouvert by mitoxantrone (Novantrone °) some years earlier. For the first time, a drug used in advanced stages of the disease, managed to improve survival and quality of life of patients. Three controlled studies confirm these results. Others are underway to integrate chemotherapy early in the history of the disease for locally advanced tumors, where organic growth but before the onset of metastases, and why not, immediately after surgery to treat possible micro-metastases.
Surgery
It is based on the prostatectomy, known as radical or total. It involves the removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles and may be preceded by a levy of lymph drainage of the prostate. The surgery can be done through open (surgical incision in the abdomen or at the perineum) or by abdominal Coelioscopy; surgery is reserved for cancer localized to the prostate and offers great chance of cure if the cancer is actually located and slightly or moderately aggressive (aggressiveness estimated by the Gleason score), and may lead to urinary incontinence, most often temporary and erectile dysfunction. Currently, there is no superiority of one technique over another with regard to cancer outcomes and results urinary and sexual function.
Coelioscopy
Coelioscopy prostatectomy was used by an American team which published it abandoned in 1997 after 8 cases as the intervention was difficult. It is the French teams that end 1997 and early 1998 took the torch and showed that this technique was feasible. Gaston de Bordeaux, and VALLANCIEN Guillonneau Paris and developed the technical standardization. VALLANCIEN and his team published the technique by transpéritonéale then through peritoneal under which seems simpler. It is now recognized worldwide. With an experience of almost 3,000 transactions, the surgical team Montsouris Institute in Paris has shown the benefits of prostatectomy Coelioscopy: we must retain the shorter hospital stay (5 days against 8 in average according to statistics PMSI 2004, the post operative pain near zero even lower, the rate of transfusion of about 2 to 3% against an average of 15% for open surgery. The strictures of the suture between the bladder and urethra canal are more rare (1.5%). The resumption of activity is fast after about a week.
Cryoablation
The prostate cancer tissue may be destroyed by local application of a very cold gas. The cryoprobe (most often cooled with liquid nitrogen) is introduced in endourétral until the prostate, the correct position of cryode can be verified by various techniques including endoscopy conducted by a pubic trocard addition, transvésical. A cycle of freezing and thawing will be implemented for a few minutes and repeated if necessary, a probe is placed urétrovésicale end technology and allow the evacuation progressive tissue nécrosés by applying the cold, some practicing Transurethral resection of tissue mortified by cryotherapy to accelerate the process. Another technique involves placing special needles through perineal ultrasound and under control.
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What is Cancer?
The term 'Cancer' refers to any one of a large number of diseases in which a group of cells show an abnormal development with an uncontrollable division beyond the normal limits. They have the ability to intrude and destroy adjacent body tissues. Cancer cells have the ability to spread throughout the body via lymph and blood, thus destroying the healthy tissues (process known as invasion).
All the cancers begin in the basic unit of life - the cell. Normal cells in a body have the ability to grow and divide in a controlled way to produce more cells as per needed to keep the body healthy. When the cells become old or damaged, they die and get replaced with new cells. If and when this normal process gets disturbed then cancer gets initiated. In a normal process, old cells die after a certain period of time and are replaced by new cells. But in a cancerous state, new cells keep on developing while old cells do not die when they should thus leading to a mass of tissue known as a tumor.
There are two types of tumors:
1. Benign tumors:
A benign tumor is not cancerous. It can often be removed and usually does not come back. These cells grow in a limited, non-aggressive manner. They do not invade the surrounding tissues and neither spread to other parts of the body, i.e., do not metastasize.
2. Malignant tumors:
A malignant tumor is cancerous. Cells in these tumors invade the surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body.
Causes of Cancer
There are certain risk factors which might lead to cancer development. These are:
? Growing Older
? Tobacco
? Sunlight
? Ionizing radiation
? Certain chemicals and other substances
? Some viruses and bacteria
? Certain hormones
? Family history of cancer
? Alcohol
? Poor diet, lack of physical activity, or being overweight
Most of these risk factors can be avoided, while some others, such as family history, cannot be avoided. Wherever and whenever possible, steps can be taken in staying away from known risk factors.
Keep in mind that:
? Not everything causes cancer.
? Cancer is not caused by an injury, such as a bump or bruise.
? Cancer is not contagious. Although being infected with certain viruses or bacteria may increase the risk of some types of cancer, no one can catch cancer from another person.
? Having one or more risk factors does not mean that you will get cancer. Most people who have risk factors never develop cancer.
? Some people are more sensitive than others to the known risk factors.
Read on for more information about some of the common risk factors for cancer:
Growing Older
Age is an important risk factor for cancer. Most cancers occur in people over the age of 65. But people of all ages, including children, can get cancer, too.
Tobacco
Tobacco use highly increases the risk of getting cancer, either it be directly using the tobacco or being around tobacco smoke (secondhand smoke). Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop cancer of the mouth, the organs related to respiratory system and the digestive system. They also are more likely to develop leukemia - cancer that starts in blood cells.
Quitting tobacco reduces the risk of cancer (though cancer risk is generally lowest among those who have never used tobacco). For those who have already had cancer, quitting reduces the chances of cancer recurrence.
Sunlight
Natural source of Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the sun. Other sources are sunlamps and tanning booths. It causes early aging of the skin and skin damage that can lead to skin cancer.
Doctors encourage people of all ages to limit their time in the sun and to avoid other sources of UV radiation:
? Try to avoid exposure to the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
? Stay in the shade if you have to go outside.
? Cover exposed areas of the body.
? Wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothing, a broad-brimmed hat and sunglasses with lenses that absorb UV.
? Use sunscreen with a SPF of at least 15. They may help prevent skin cancer.
? Stay away from sunlamps and tanning booths. They are no safer than sunlight.
Ionizing Radiation
Ionizing radiation can cause cell damage that leads to cancer. This radiation comes from rays that enter the Earth's atmosphere from outer space, radioactive fallout, radon gas, x-rays, and other sources.
Radioactive fallout comes from accidents at nuclear power plants or from the production, testing, or use of atomic weapons. People exposed to this fallout may have an increased risk of cancer.
Radon is an invisible, odour-less, tasteless radioactive gas. People working in mines may be exposed to radon.
Another common source of radiation is through medical procedures. Doctors use low-dose radiations for x-rays and high-dose radiations for radiation therapy to treat cancer. The risk of cancer from low-dose x-rays is extremely small as compared to radiation therapy. For both, the benefit nearly always outweighs the small risk.
Talk to your doctor or dentist about the need for each x-ray. Also ask for shields to protect parts of the body that are not in the picture.
Certain Chemicals and Other Substances
Studies show that exposure to asbestos, benzene, benzidine, cadmium, nickel, or vinyl chloride in the workplace can cause cancer. People who have exposure to these things in their workplaces - like painters, construction workers, and those in the chemical industry - have an increased risk of cancer.
Always tend to follow instructions and safety tips when handling harmful substances both at work and at home. Also be careful at home when handling pesticides, used engine oil, paint, solvents, and other chemicals.
Some Viruses and Bacteria
Being infected with certain viruses or bacteria may increase the risk of developing cancer:
? Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is the main cause of cervical cancer along with some other types of cancer.
? Hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses might develop into liver cancer.
? Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV-1)greatly increases the risk of lymphoma and leukemia.
? Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - commonly known as AIDS. People having HIV infection have a greater risk of cancer - lymphoma and a rare cancer called Kaposi's sarcoma.
? Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been linked to an increased risk of lymphoma.
? Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is a cause of Kaposi's sarcoma.
? Helicobacter pylorican cause stomach ulcers. It also can cause stomach cancer and lymphoma in the stomach lining.
Certain Hormones
In some health issues, doctors recommend hormone therapy. However, studies show that hormone therapy can cause serious side effects: increases the risk of breast cancer, heart attack, stroke, or blood clots.
Family History of Cancer
A normal cell may become a cancer cell after a series of gene changes occur. Some gene changes that increase the risk of cancer are passed from parent to child. These changes are present at birth in all cells of the body.
It is uncommon for cancer to run in a family. However, several cases of the same cancer type in a family may be linked to inherited gene changes, which increase the chance of developing cancers. However, environmental factors may also be involved. But mostly, multiple cases of cancer in a family are just a matter of chance.
Talk to your doctor if you think you may have a pattern of a certain type of cancer in your family. Your doctor may suggest ways to try to reduce your risk of cancer and also may suggest exams for early detection of cancer.
Ask your doctor about genetic testing to check certain inherited gene changes that might increase the chance of developing cancer. But remember, inheriting a gene change does not mean that you will definitely develop cancer. It means that you have an increased chance of developing the disease.
Poor Diet, Lack of Physical Activity, or Being Overweight
People who have a poor diet, do not have enough physical activity, or are overweight may be at increased risk of several types of cancer.
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