Monday, 25 October 2010

Ascension Poem Framed Prints (And If I Go Poem) with Sunset

Ascension Poem Framed Prints (And If I Go Poem) with SunsetNEW! Best-selling item is the well-known poem, "Ascension" by Colleen Corah Hitchcock. The poem is popular worldwide for memorials and dedications. As seen on Court TV (Michael Peterson Trial), Dateline, and America's Most Wanted the poem floats between two Plexiglas®. Print size is approximately 7" x 11", framed size is 11" x 19". Ascension poem is beautifully printed, framed in black wood frame, and ready to hang. Great as a gift, for a memorial, or as a condolences gift. Ascension And if I go, while you're still here... Know that I live on, vibrating to a different measure --behind a thin veil you cannot see through. You will not see me, so you must have faith. I wait for the time when we can soar together again, --both aware of each other. Until then, live your life to its fullest. And when you need me, Just whisper my name in your heart, ...I will be there. @1987 Colleen Corah Hitchcock, Minneapolis, MN

Price: $149.85


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Sunday, 24 October 2010

Right of Way

Right of WayThis story about an elderly couple who start a large controversy when everyone learns they plan on committing suicide stars James Stewart as the retired Teddy Dwyer, and Betty Davis is his wife Mini Dwyer. When Mini learns she is terminally ill with a blood disease, the couple decide to end their lives peacefully, at the same time. Mini's mistake was to finally tell her daughter Ruda (Melinda Dillon), and from there, the news eventually leaks out and gets passed on to the media. Right of Way tries to balance precariously between a serious theme and a light-hearted couple, as Teddy continues engrossed in his books and Mini in her long-practiced art of making specialty dolls, with their housecats all around them.

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The Social Medicine Reader, Second Edition: Vol. 3: Health Policy, Markets, and Medicine

The Social Medicine Reader, Second Edition: Vol. 3: Health Policy, Markets, and Medicine
Duke University Press is pleased to announce the second edition of the bestselling Social Medicine Reader. The Reader provides a survey of the challenging issues facing today’s health care providers, patients, and caregivers by bringing together moving narratives of illness, commentaries by physicians, debates about complex medical cases, and conceptually and empirically based writings by scholars in medicine, the social sciences, and the humanities. The first edition of The Social Medicine Reader was a single volume. This significantly revised and expanded second edition is divided into three volumes to facilitate use by different audiences with varying interests.

Praise for the 3-volume second edition of The Social Medicine Reader:
“A superb collection of essays that illuminate the role of medicine in modern society. Students and general readers are not likely to find anything better.”â??Arnold S. Relman, Professor Emeritus of Medicine and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School

Praise for the first edition:
“This reviewer strongly recommends The Social Medicine Reader to the attention of medical educators.”â??Samuel W. Bloom, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association

Volume 3:

Over the past four decades the American health care system has witnessed dramatic changes in private health insurance, campaigns to enact national health insurance, and the rise (and perhaps fall) of managed care. Bringing together seventeen pieces new to this second edition of The Social Medicine Reader and four pieces from the first edition, Health Policy, Markets, and Medicine draws on a broad range of disciplinary perspectivesâ??including political science, economics, history, and bioethicsâ??to consider changes in health care and the future of U.S. health policy. Contributors analyze the historical and moral foundation of today’s policy debates, examine why health care spending is so hard to control in the United States, and explain the political dynamics of Medicare and Medicaid. Selections address the rise of managed care, its impact on patients and physicians, and the ethical implications of applying a business ethos to medical care; they also compare the U.S. health care system to the systems in European countries, Canada, and Japan. Additional readings probe contemporary policy issues, including the emergence of consumer-driven health care, efforts to move quality of care to the top of the policy agenda, and the implications of the aging of America for public policy.

Contributors: Henry J. Aaron, Drew E. Altman, George J. Annas, Robert H. Binstock, Thomas Bodenheimer, Troyen A. Brennan, Robert H. Brook, Lawrence D. Brown, Daniel Callahan, Jafna L. Cox, Victor R. Fuchs, Kevin Grumbach, Rudolf Klein, Robert Kuttner, Larry Levitt, Donald L. Madison, Wendy K. Mariner, Elizabeth A. McGlynn, Jonathan Oberlander, Geov Parrish, Sharon Redmayne, Uwe E. Reinhardt, Michael S. Sparer, Deborah Stone

Price: $24.95


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Saturday, 23 October 2010

Artificial Nutrition and Hydration in Terminal Illness: Medical and Ethical Issues/Alternative Treatements (Palliative Care Lecture Series)

Artificial Nutrition and Hydration in Terminal Illness: Medical and Ethical Issues/Alternative Treatements (Palliative Care Lecture Series)Erich Segal's best selling novel was vividely translated to the screen and instantly became one of the best-loved films of all time, as well as the recipient of seven Academy Award nominations. Ryan O'Neal and Ali MacGraw became overnight screen sensations for their poignant portrayals as a young couple who cross social barriers, marry and cope with Jennifer's unexpected illness and impending death. Harvard Law student/hockey jock Oliver Barrett IV (O'Neal) meets Radcliffe music wonk Jennifer Cavalleri (MacGraw), and the couple soon enter into a relationship. When the couple decide to get married, Oliver's father Oliver Barrett III (Milland) threatens to disinherit him from the family will, leaving Oliver and Jennifer to start their marriage at rock-bottom. Jennifer and her dad Phil Cavalleri (Marley) do what they can to bring father and son back together, but the two prefer to remain at war with one another. Years go by, and the young couple attempt to have children, only to discover that she is malfunctioning and her terminal illness brings tender emotions as the couple prepares for the inevitable. Their love, however, is triumphant even beyond death.

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Friday, 22 October 2010

ERIC IS WINNING !!: Beating a Terminal Illness with Nutrition, Avoiding Toxins and Common Sense

ERIC IS WINNING !!: Beating a Terminal Illness with Nutrition, Avoiding Toxins and Common SenseWhat do you do when your medical doctor tells you that you have a terminal illness and to go home and die- there is no cure? The book explains Eric's reaction and successful fourteen-year survival. The purpose of this book is to provide information and

Price: $21.99


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Thursday, 21 October 2010

End-Of-Life Treatment: Pain Management and Terminal Illness (Catholic Health Association of the United States)

End-Of-Life Treatment: Pain Management and Terminal Illness (Catholic Health Association of the United States)In a lively and informative talk-show format, this video examines some of the causes of inadequate pain management for persons with terminal illnesses. Nurses, physicians, and ethicists propose practical strategies for promoting professional and community education, sound organization policies and protocols, and strong commitment to provide maximal pain relief and compassionate caring at the time of death

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Palliative Care: Transforming the Care of Serious Illness (Public Health/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Anthology)

Palliative Care: Transforming the Care of Serious Illness (Public Health/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Anthology)

Palliative Care is the first book to provide a comprehensive understanding of the new field that is transforming the way Americans deal with serious illness.

Diane E. Meier, M.D., one of the field's leaders and a recipient of a MacArthur Foundation "genius award" in 2009, opens the volume with a sweeping overview of the field. In her essay, Dr. Meier examines the roots of palliative care, explores the key legal and ethical issues, discusses the development of palliative care, and presents ideas on policies that can improve access to palliative care.

Dr. Meier's essay is followed by reprints of twenty-five of the most important articles in the field. They range from classic pieces by some of the field's pioneers, such as Eric Cassel, Balfour Mount, and Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, to influential newer articles on topics such as caregiving and cost savings of palliative care. The reprints cover a wide range of topics including:

  • Why the care of the seriously ill is so important

  • Efforts to cope with advanced illness

  • Legal and ethical issues

  • Pain management

  • Cross-cultural issues

  • Philosophical perspective

The demand for palliative care has been nothing short of stunning—largely because of palliative care's positive impact on both the quality and the cost of care provided to seriously ill individuals. By providing a wide-ranging perspective on this growing field, this book will serve as a guide for developing meaningful approaches that will lead to better health care for all Americans.

Price: $75.00


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Wednesday, 20 October 2010

A Better Way of Dying: How to Make the Best Choices at the End of Life

A Better Way of Dying: How to Make the Best Choices at the End of Life The fail-safe plan for ensuring one's final wishes are respected

Advanced directives and living wills have improved our ability to dictate end-of-life care, but even these cannot guaran­tee that we will be allowed the dignity of a natural death. Designed by two sisters-one a doctor, one a lawyer-and drawing on their decades of experience, the five-step Compassion Protocol outlined in A Better Way of Dying offers a simple and effective framework for leaving caretakers concrete, unambiguous, and legally binding instructions about your wishes for your last days. Meant for people in every walk of life-from the elderly, to those in the early stages of mentally degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, to healthy young people planning for an unpredictable future-this book creates space for a discussion we all must have if we wish to ensure comfort and control at the end of our lives..

Price: $15.00


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The Blue Butterfly

The Blue ButterflyA terminally ill boy has one dying wish: to catch the most beautiful butterfly on earth.

Price: $24.95


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Tuesday, 19 October 2010

At Death's Door: Facing the Terminal Illness of a Loved One [VHS]

At Death's Door: Facing the Terminal Illness of a Loved One [VHS]At Death's Door offers help to those who are facing the terminal illness of someone they love. Through interviews with experts and testimonies given by people who have lived through the terminal illness and loss of someone close to them, this video will help viewers live more fully with their loved one through the last months, weeks, or days of their time together.

Price: $29.95


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Monday, 18 October 2010

Questions and Answers on Death and Dying

Questions and Answers on Death and Dying

On Death and Dying is one of the most important books ever written on the subject and is still considered the bench-mark in the care of the dying. It became an immediate bestseller, and Life magazine called it "a profound lesson for the living." This companion volume consists of the questions that are most frequently asked of Dr. Kübler-Ross and her compassionate answers. She discusses accepting the end of life, suicide, terminal illness, euthanasia, how to tell a patient he or she is critically ill, and how to deal with all the special difficulties surrounding death. Questions and Answers on Death and Dying is a vital resource for doctors, nurses, members of the clergy, social workers, and lay people dealing with death and dying.

Price: $14.00


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With Strength in Spades, Charge Fiercely Throught the Fight. May an Army of Angels Create HEaling in the Night...

With Strength in Spades, Charge Fiercely Throught the Fight. May an Army of Angels Create HEaling in the Night...DreamAidTM pillowcovers are designed to enhance your ability to tap into a blissful sleep. Perfect gift for any gender and occasion. 1 Standard size cotton pillowcase with silkscreen design. 40 different playful and occasional pillowcovers from which to choose.

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Sunday, 17 October 2010

Herbal Remedies For Leukemia - How Can They Help?


Leukemia is a blood disorder that affects a surprisingly large number of people. The death rate of this disease is alarming and it causes people to turn to other treatments that science can provide. Herbal remedies for leukemia has been given consideration as an alternative treatment.

What is leukemia?

Leukemia is another type of cancer that begins in the blood cells. For people suffering from leukemia, their bone marrows generate abnormal white blood cells. These are called the leukemia cells.

During the first stage of this disease, the leukemia cells may look like they are functioning normally. But after some time, they begin to out populate the normal white blood cells and also the red blood cells of our body. This is the reason why the blood cannot function correctly.

Cause of Leukemia

The exact cause of leukemia still remains a mystery. Experts cannot explain why this disease sprouts in random people. However, due to intensive studies, they have found some factors that may put you at risk of leukemia. Here are some of them:

1. Exposure to high level radiation

Those people who are regularly exposed to a high level of radiation have a high chance of developing leukemia.

2. Exposure to certain chemicals

Exposure to chemicals, such as Benzene can put you at a risk of developing leukemia. Another chemical that may cause considerable damage to your cells is formaldehyde.

3. Chemotherapy

This might seem crazy since chemotherapy is used to treat cancer patients. However, there are some studies conducted that people fighting from a different type of cancer can later develop leukemia because of their frequent chemotherapy sessions.

4. Down Syndrome

People with Down syndrome have a higher risk of developing leukemia because of their abnormal chromosomes.

Treatment

The first line of treatment that people with Leukemia would most likely utilize is chemotherapy. However, chemotherapy can also assault your immune system and can leave you defenseless against other viral infections and other complications.

Patients undergoing chemotherapy are all physically spent after every session. Chemotherapy also causes these patients to lose hair. This is why many have also turned to herbal remedies for leukemia.

These herbal remedies for leukemia have helped many a number of leukemia sufferers:

1. The nutrients found in garlic can protect our body from infections. Since chemotherapy can lower your immune system, Garlic can aid that problem.

2. You can also concoct an herbal tea out of stinging nettle, elder blossoms, brooklime herb and dandelion to help your body gain back its strength and normalize its primary functions.

It is also important for a leukemia sufferer to have a balanced diet and regular exercise to support their body in the fight against cancer cells.

Along with these, they can also take an herbal remedy that can help promote healthier cells. A product called Bio-Oxidate Defense can help a lot.

This product can support healthy cells in our body and can help the body fight the effects of bad cells. Bio-Oxidate Defense can also up your immune system so you will not be defenseless against other diseases.

This product is 100% safe to use because it uses natural herbal ingredients such as Green Tea, Rooibos and Grape seed extract which are a very helpful combination in supporting the body and help healthy cell growth.

When it comes to the battle against Leukemia, every help is needed. Herbal remedies for leukemia and a product like Bio-Oxidate Defense is just what you need to help you in this fight.








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Saturday, 16 October 2010

Leukemia - Causes, Symptoms, Information With Treatment


Leukemia is a bone marrow disorder that arises when one abnormal white blood cell begins to continuously replicate itself. Leukemia, which literally means "white blood" in Greek, occurs when there is an excess of abnormal white blood cells in the blood. The disease usually starts in the white blood cells. The blood-forming (hematopoietic) cells of the bone marrow make leukocytes to defend the body against infectious organisms, such as viruses and bacteria. If the cells reach the central nervous system and build up in the cerebrospinal fluid that support s the brain and spinal column, they can cause headaches and seizures.

Lymphocytes, which are found in both the blood stream and the lymphatic system, coordinate the immune response and produce antibodies. If untreated, the surplus leukemic cells overwhelm the bone marrow, enter the bloodstream, and eventually invade other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and central nervous system (brain, spinal cord). In this way, the behavior of leukemia is different than that of other cancers, which usually begin in major organs and ultimately spread to the bone marrow.

Causes of Leukemia

The common Causes of Leukemia:

We do not know what causes leukemia.

Very high levels of radiation

If you think your child is at risk for leukemia, talk with your doctor.

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy

These are only risk factors. Most people who have one of the risk factors do not get leukemia.

Some viruses like Human T-cell leukemia virus

Working with chemicals like benzene or formaldehyde

Symptoms of Leukemia

Some Symptoms of Leukemia:

Fever , chills, and other flu-like symptoms.

Neurological symptoms ( headache ).

Night sweats

Swollen or bleeding gums.

Loss of appetite and/or weight.

Enlarged liver and spleen.

Weakness and fatigue.

Frequent infections.

Bone pain or tenderness.

Shortness of breath when you're physically active, as while climbing steps.

Problems breathing

Treatment of Leukemia

The abnormal cells are killed by medicines. Chemotherapy can be taken by mouth, by shots, or given into a vein (intravenously).

Surgery to remove an enlarged spleen or to install a venous access device (large plastic tube) to give medications and withdraw blood samples.

Radiation therapy to kill cancer cells by exposure to high-energy radiation.

High-energy x-rays are used to kill abnormal cells.

After radiation and chemotherapy kills the abnormal bone marrow, healthy bone marrow from a healthy donor is given to a patient through a vein. The healthy bone marrow goes to the patient's bones and makes healthy blood cells. Most children with leukemia will not need a bone marrow transplant.

Some people with leukemia choose to enroll in clinical trials to try out experimental treatments or new combinations of known therapies.








Juliet Cohen writes articles on diseases and conditions and skin disorders. She also writes articles on herbal home remedies.


Types of Leukemias


Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow defined as an abnormal proliferation of white blood cells. There are four major types of leukemias: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML).  

A leukemia is taken into consideration as a possible diagnosis when a blood test reveals a higher than normal number of circulating blood lymphocytes, bone marrow infiltrates of leukemic cells, and/or an increase in the number of "band cells" commonly called a Shift-To-The-Left.  

An acute leukemia is commonly associated with a younger age and a short and drastic course. In an acute leukemia, the proliferation of immature white cells out-competes normal blood cells. If not treated immediately, the immature blood cells can spill into the blood stream and travel to major bodily organs causing severe and irreversible damage to those organs.  

A chronic leukemia is characterized by an older population of patients with a longer and less devastating course. In chronic leukemia, relatively mature, but still abnormal white blood cells over-proliferate and out-compete normal blood cells, yet at a much slower pace and with much less devastating results. As such, a chronic leukemia can take years to progress to a more dangerous form.

Some common symptoms of lymphocytic leukemias are swollen lymph nodes and splenomegaly.  In addition, hypertrophy of the gums may be seen in children with leukemias.  

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

It more commonly presents in children less than 15 years of age, but the most common ages are between 2-4 years old. A characteristic of ALL is the presents of cells called lymphoblasts, and pre-T and pre-B cells. It has a good prognosis as it is most responsive to therapy. But if not caught in time it can spread to the Central Nervous System and the testes. The prognosis for ALL for children has become very good in recent years.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Characterized by presence of "Auer rods" and myeloblasts. Auer rods are peroxidase-positive cytoplasmic inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts. A release of Auer rods with treatment of AML can precipitate a Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) reaction, which can be deadly. It prevalent more commonly in adults, but its age range is anywhere from 5 to 40-years-old. 

Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukemia

More common in older adults greater than 60 years of age. It is characterized by presence of swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), enlargement of spleen and liver, increase in smudge cells in peripheral blood smear due to the lysis of the lymphocytes upon staining and preparation for microscopy view. It is commonly associated with the warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia. 

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Defined by the Philadelphia chromosome (Translocation of 9;22, bcr-abl gene). It is characterized by prolifereation of myeloid stem cells and presence of increased neutrophils. Splenomegaly may be present. CML has a bad prognosis as it is considered uncurable. Most often, patients are diagnosed in their seventies when they come to the doctor with a common complaint of tiredness. At that point, not much can be done.








Copyright ? 2009 - Yana G. Yevstegneeva, 2nd-year Medical Student. All Rights Reserved Worldwide.


Friday, 15 October 2010

Leukemia - What Are the Causes, Symptoms and Treatments?


Leukemia is cancer of your body's blood-forming tissues, including your bone marrow and lymphatic system. The 3 main forms of the disease are;

1. Acute Leukemia which is a malignant proliferation of white blood cell blasts in bone marrow or lymph tissue.
2. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia also known as granulocytic leukemia.
3. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia which is common in the elderly and accounts for about 25% of all new leukemia cases.

Acute leukemia accounts for about 20% of leukemias, it's most common forms are:
1. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
2. Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)
3. Acute monoblastic leukemia ( Schilling's type )

Incidence of Acute Leukemia
Leukemia can occur at any age, acute forms of leukemia can occur in children and young adults and in fact in this age group it is the most common form of cancer. It is more common in females than in males, in whites ( especially those of Jewish extraction ) and in urban and industrialized populations.

Risk Factors
Several congenital conditions may increase the risk of leukemia; the most common is probably Down syndrome, which is associated with a 10 to 18 fold increase in the risk of AML.

In general, nonidentical twins and other siblings of children with leukemia have two to four times the average risk of developing the disease. Also, children who have received prior radiation or chemotherapy for other types of cancer have a higher risk of contracting leukemia.

Signs and Symptoms
Signs of acute leukemia may include; high fever, abnormal bleeding, easy bruising and prolonged menses. Sometimes the onset of symptoms is more gradual with low grade fever, weakness, chills, recurrent infections or lassitude, lasting for days or months before visual symptoms occur.

In addition, all AML, ALL and Schilling's type leukemias may cause anemia, fatigue, dyspnea, palpitations and abdominal or bone pain. Specific AML symptoms include, local infections such as laryngitis, joint pain and abdominal fullness. Specific ALL symptoms include, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss and shortness of breath.

Leukemia that has spread to the brain may produce central nervous system effects, such as headaches, seizures, weakness, blurred vision, balance difficulties, or vomiting. Leukemia cells may spread to the gums, causing swelling, pain, and bleeding.

Causes of Leukemia
Current research points to a combination of viruses, genetic factors, and exposure to toxic chemicals and radiation.

Treatment
Medically leukemia is treated mainly with chemotherapy, although radiotherapy and biological therapy can be used in certain subtypes of leukemia.

Nutritional supplements offer help support the healthy function of the immune system, and in particular, the white blood cells in leukemia patients. In addition, some nutritional supplements are able to kill leukemia cells. Interestingly a number of people have experienced considerable benefit from the use of Lifewave acupuncture patches.

Prognosis for Acute Leukemia
Untreated, acute leukemia is usually fatal, often because of complications that result from leukemic cells infiltrating into the bone marrow or vital body organs.

With treatment prognosis varies, survival rates in leukemia have risen dramatically in the last 40 years with improvements in diagnosis and treatment. Children between 2 and 8 have the best survival rate (around 50%) but overall, treatment does induce remission in about 90% of cases.








Dick Aronson has been involved in the healthcare industry for 35 years. He has written numerous articles on the subject and runs a number of informative websites, viz: http://www.life-wave-patches.com and http://www.healthinnovationsonline.com


Promyelocytic Leukemia


Promyelocytic Leukemia a growth of the bone marrow in which there is a deficit of mature blood cells in the myeloid line of cells and a surplus of immature cells called promyelocytes. Promyelocytic leukemia is due to a translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17 which is symbolized t(15;17). This translocation is not a mere indicator of promyelocytic leukemia but the main cause. Promyelocytic leukemia generally comes under the acute form leukemia. It is also termed as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).

In 1957, promyelocytic leukemia was first accepted as an individual disease entity. It accounts for 5-10% of cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The peak incidence of promyelocytic leukemia is amongst young adults. Promyelocytic leukemia is thought of as a type of AML and is classified as the M3 variant of AML.

Symptoms of promyelocytic leukemia are generally nonspecific and comprise of fatigue, minor infections, or hemorrhagic diathesis. There is usually pancytopenia with anemia, low levels of the granulocytes and monocytes, and low levels of platelets. Transfusion is thus an alternative that can be availed of.

Treatment of promyelocytic leukemia is different from that for all other forms of AML. Majority patients are now treated with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). ATRA is a form of "differentiation therapy." It activates the retinoid receptor RAR and causes the promyeloctes to mature and this deters them from proliferating.

Even though ATRA cannot eliminate the leukemic clone it can stimulate a complete diminution in most patients suffering from promyelocytic leukemia by causing the promyelocytic leukemia -blasts to mature. ATRA is therefore used in combination with chemotherapy including an anthracycline drug.

Chances of survival are better with the combination of ATRA and chemotherapy than chemotherapy alone. This is because ATRA combined with chemotherapy accounts for a slightly higher rate of complete remissions while allowing significantly fewer relapses. Maintenance cure with ATRA, and possibly with low-dose chemotherapy, further reduces the occurrence of relapse. The advent of ATRA therapy has revolutionized the treatment of promyelocytic leukemia and clearly enhanced the prognosis.

Promyelocytic leukemia is connected with a characteristic cellular picture classified as M3 in the French-American-British Classification and responds positively to treatments including retinoids, chemotherapy and, most recently, arsenicals.








Leukemia provides detailed information on Leukemia, Leukemia Symptoms, Childhood Leukemia, Leukemia Treatments and more. Leukemia is affiliated with Social Security Disabilities.


Thursday, 14 October 2010

Statistic Information on Leukemia


Leukemia is a cancerous disease caused by abnormal activity of stem cells (immature cells that originate in the bone marrow). There are two main types of leukemia - myelogenous and lymphocytic (according to the type of cells involved), which can be further classified in two categories - acute and chronic.

Acute leukemia is characterized by the rapid multiplication of partially developed, functionless cells. These abnormal cells accumulate inside the bone marrow or in the blood stream, interfering with the activity of normal, healthy cells. People with acute leukemia also suffer from anemia, which is caused by a pronounced decrease in the number of red blood cells. Leukemia sufferers also have a deficit of healthy white cells, which have a vital role in fighting against infections. In addition, acute leukemia affects the body's production of platelets, which have an important role in blood coagulation (they speed up the healing of open wounds).

Chronic leukemia also causes serious impairments at cellular level, triggering an overproduction of abnormal cells. However, unlike acute leukemia, chronic forms of the disease allow the affected cells to reach more advanced stages of development. Thus, chronic leukemia has a slower rate of progression.

The annual prevalence of leukemia among the population of the United States is around 31.000 new cases. Leukemia has the highest incidence in older adults, commonly affecting people with ages over 60. However, there are certain types of leukemia that predominantly affect children. For instance, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is responsible for causing more than 80 percent of overall childhood leukemia cases.

In adults, the most common types of leukemia are acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Acute myelogenous leukemia accounts for more than 10.000 new cases each year, while chronic lymphocytic leukemia is responsible for causing around 8.000 new annual cases.

Leukemia has the highest incidence in the male gender. Statistics indicate that more than 56 percent of annual leukemia cases are diagnosed in men. Although it can be seen in all ethnical groups, leukemia predominantly affects Caucasian white people. The annual incidence of leukemia is lower in African Americans, while American Indians and Hispanics rarely develop the disease. Similarly, leukemia is rarely seen in Asian people.

The most common type of leukemia among children aged 3-15 is acute lymphocytic leukemia. Due to the fact that acute lymphocytic leukemia predominantly affects children, it is referred to as childhood leukemia. Childhood leukemia rarely affects children younger than 3 or with ages over 15. Despite the fact that modern medicine doesn't hold the cure for childhood leukemia, the medical treatments and therapies available nowadays can slow down the progression of the disease and in some cases, they can even overcome leukemia completely. The annual morbidity rate of leukemia among young patients has known a considerable decrease in the last two decades. Thanks to modern medical equipment, leukemia can be timely diagnosed, allowing prompt medical intervention. Nowadays, early diagnosis and new approaches in medical treatment can considerably extend patients' life-expectancy, thus increasing the chances of complete recovery.








You can find great pieces of inforation on different leukemia subjects like chronic leukemia, acute leukemia and many more visit http://www.leukemia-guide.com


Wednesday, 13 October 2010

Possible Leukemia Causes and Risk Factors


Leukemia is a disease that is considered to be life-threatening. It requires prompt intervention when discovered, in order to maximize the chances of recovering through specific treatment and therapy. Leukemia is basically a type of cancer of the bone marrow and blood, caused by inappropriate cellular activity. The disease can be of different forms, according to the types of blood cells that cause its development. Also, if leukemia is developing rapidly, it is called acute leukemia, while if the disease is developing slowly, it is referred to as chronic leukemia.

The direct leukemia causes are still unknown. In present, medical science isn't able to establish the specific leukemia causes. However, a strong connection between certain genetic factors and the development of the disease has been revealed. Leukemia occurs on the background of genetic failure that causes the excessive production of incomplete, partially matured blood cells. Also, leukemia has a hereditary character, allowing the transmission of genetic predispositions to disease from one generation to another. Although many factors are known to contribute to the development of leukemia, they alone can't be considered leukemia causes.

Despite the fact that statistics indicate a higher incidence of the disease in people that are exposed to some environmental factors of risk, leukemia doesn't seem to be caused by neither of them in particular. Among the environmental factors that are thought to be leukemia causes, here are some of the most plausible ones:

- Smoking - smoking is thought to increase the chances of being affected by leukemia. Although statistics show that around 20 percent of acute leukemia cases are related to smoking, leukemia also occurs to people that don't smoke and therefore it can't be considered a leukemia cause on itself;

- Prolonged exposure to radiation - Radiation is considered to facilitate the development of leukemia. It is believed that exposure to X-rays can be a leukemia cause;

- Prolonged exposure to benzene - statistics reveal that this is a major factor of risk in some forms of leukemia, such as myelogenous leukemia;

- Chemotherapy and cancer treatment - previous cancer treatments and chemotherapy are known to facilitate the occurrence and development of leukemia and can be considered plausible leukemia causes. Within a few years from the completion of chemotherapy and other treatments for certain forms of cancer, most people can develop leukemia.

Among the genetic factors that are considered to be leukemia causes, the following ones are thought to be the most important:

- chromosome abnormalities - some rare genetic syndromes are known to contribute to leukemia causes;

- Immune system genetic problems - a weak immune system is very likely to facilitate the occurrence of leukemia and therefore can be considered a leukemia cause;

- Down syndrome - children born with this syndrome have a very high risk of developing acute leukemia.

The list of possible leukemia causes can continue further, but these are the most common factors that are considered to be interrelated with leukemia. While some of them can be prevented, others reside within the genes and in present can't be corrected. In future, however, thanks to medical advance, we will probably be able to prevent leukemia and other forms of cancer.








If you want to find great content on different leukemia related issues like leukemia symptoms, leukemia causes and many more visit http://www.leukemia-guide.com


Understanding Chronic Leukemia


Leukemia is a disease of the blood and bone marrow that occurs on the background of genetic predispositions to cancer. Leukemia affects the cellular process of maturation, causing the accumulation of immature blood cells in the spinal marrow and bloodstream. In some cases leukemia causes the incomplete cells to multiply very quickly, while in other cases the abnormal blood cells have prolonged periods of life and persist in different places inside the body. Incomplete blood cells can't substitute for normal blood cells, as they can't carry out their roles. The cells affected by leukemia are therefore incompatible with the organism and can cause serious damage.

Judging by the speed of development and the persistence of the disorder, there are two types of leukemia: acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. Judging by the types of stem cells affected by the disorder, leukemia can either be lymphocytic or myelogenous.

Acute leukemia is different from chronic leukemia by the levels that stem cells are able to reach in their development (stem cells that present anomalies still manage to partially develop and either resemble immature cells or complete, normal white blood cells).

Acute leukemia is a form of cancer that develops very rapidly. It is manifested through overpopulation of the blood with immature cells that are unable to fulfill the functions of normal blood cells. In the case of acute leukemia, the marrow is unable to produce normal quantities of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Patients who suffer from leukemia also develop anemia, a deficiency of normal red blood cells. Also, a decreased number of white blood cells reduces the body's ability of overcoming infections, while the lack of platelets facilitates inflammation and bleeding.

Chronic leukemia tends to develop slower than acute leukemia. In the case of chronic leukemia, the body is able to produce blood cells that are more mature than those produced in acute leukemia. Although these cells may appear incomplete, they can't fulfill their roles inside the organism and tend to cluster at different levels of the body. They also have a longer period of life.

Chronic leukemia of lymphocytic form is known to affect a type of blood cell called B lymphocyte. The disease weakens the immune system, interferes in the normal activity of the spinal marrow and facilitates the access of harmful cells to body organs. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia first occurs at the levels of the bone marrow, but can quickly spread to different organs and tissue through the bloodstream.

The presence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is usually revealed by blood tests and careful body examination. Although apparently some people may have no symptoms of the disease, other patients may experience fatigue, lack of concentration, poor balance, memory loss, deterioration of vision and hearing, vertigos, body weakness, joint and bone pains. Just like in other forms of the disease, chronic leukemia requires immediate specific treatment and therapy. The chances of fully overcoming the disease are considerably enhanced if it is discovered quickly.








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Tuesday, 12 October 2010

Preventing Leukemia


Leukemia is a malignant cancer of the blood and bone marrow that affects thousands of children and adults in the United States. Acute leukemia progresses quickly while chronic leukemia develops more slowly. Studies indicate that leukemia is not inherited nor is it contagious. Several factors are suspected, although scientists have been unable to pinpoint the exact cause. No specific sets of preventions are available for leukemia. However, on analyzing the factors that generally cause leukemia a rough and general idea on the prevention of the disease can be made.

Amongst newborn babies breast milk has shown properties that help in preventing occurrences of leukemia. Statistics have shown that mothers who breast-feed their babies for even one month lower their risk of leukemia by 20%. The factors that cause leukemia are numerous. Continuous exposure to high-level x-ray radiation increases susceptibility for leukemia development. As a result such exposure should be minimized. Similarly chemical irritants like the inhalation of toxic vapor such as benzol vapors cause a variety of blood disorders, including leukemia. Appropriate care should also be taken to avoid such chemicals inhalations. There may also be a genetic predisposition to leukemia. In rare cases it is observed that there are instances where people are born with chromosome damage. These people have genes that add to their chances of developing leukemia. In order to avoid such incidences, couples suffering from leukemia are advised to refrain from having children. Environmental factors such as high-dose radiation or exposure to certain toxic chemicals (atomic bombs) may also trigger the development of leukemic cells. In order to prevent this the government too ought to pass adequate laws and measures.

Sweating is a powerful way to cleanse the body from accumulated toxins that usually cause leukemia. In addition to this bowel cleansing, dental cleanup, kidney cleansing and liver cleansing also contribute to preventing leukemia. Other ways of reducing the risk are prevention of maternal smoking, paternal heavy drinking, use of anti nausea drugs during pregnancy, and exposure to solvents or absorption of contaminated water. However, it should be noted that the above-mentioned preventions are mere suggestions. Since the accurate factors that cause leukemia are unknown, prevention for the same remains a general hypothesis.








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Monday, 11 October 2010

General Aspects of Leukemia


Many people suffer from leukemia these days. A large number of cases of cancer are identified to be leukemia. Leukemia is a sort of cancer of the blood and marrow. The disease is characterized through the overproducing of immature blood cells (stem cells) that aren't able to fully develop and to carry out the activities of normal blood cells.

According to their functions and structure, there are three different types of cells within the normal blood: red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Through the process of hematopoiesis, these three types of blood cells are developed from a distinctive type of blood cell called stem cell. Stem cells divide and go through several stages of development to finally form a mature blood cell of a particular type, with a certain, distinctive function in the body. The process through which a stem cell morphs into a mature blood cell takes place within the bone marrow.

According to the speed of development and the persistence of the disorder, there are two types of leukemia: acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. Acute leukemia is known to develop very rapidly, while chronic leukemia is developed slowly. According to the types of blood cells affected by the disease, leukemia can either be lymphocytic or myelogenous.

Lymphocytic and myelogenous types of leukemia are developed from different types of cells: the lymphocytic type of leukemia develops from cells called lymphoblasts or lymphocytes in the spongious tissue of the bones, while the myelogenous type of leukemia (sometimes refered to as myeloid and myelocytic leukemia) develops from myeloid cells.

In the case of acute forms of leukemia, the abnormal cells come from early, immature cells. Such forms of the disorder have a very fast rate of development, due to the fact that normal stem cells tend to multiply frequently. Leukemia cells usually don't divide faster and more frequently than normal stem cells, they simply don't stop their process of division when they should. Sometimes the numbers of white blood cells are very high, while in other cases they can be normal or low.

Chronic leukemia, apart from its slow development, is different from acute leukemia by the level of maturation that the diseased cells are able to reach. Stem cells affected by chronic leukemia reach a higher level of maturation but they present abnormalities and they can't act as healthy white blood cells do. Unlike acute leukemia, in the chronic form of the disease the unhealthy cells have much longer periods of life and they tend to accumulate in different parts of the body.

Leukemia affects people of all age groups. While children usually respond better to the treatment for leukemia and sometimes deal well with the disease, adults difficultly cope with this form of cancer.

Regardless of age and sex, many people are diagnosed with forms of leukemia. Children tend to respond better to some types of leukemia, while adults difficultly cope with the disease. The cases of acute leukemia exceed those of chronic leukemia by approximately 10 percent. Older adults seem to be affected the most by acute leukemia. Around two thirds of acute leukemia cases seem to occur after the age of 60.








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Facing Two Very Scary Words - Leukemia Lymphoma


Leukemia, Lymphoma: these are two of the scariest words anyone could ever hear in a doctor's office. It doesn't matter if it is you, personally, mother, father, child, spouse, friend; the fear is just as bad if it is about someone that means something to you. First of all, you will want to know exactly what type of cancer it is. Leukemia and lymphoma are blood cancers. Since you have the diagnosis there are things that need to be taken care of immediately.

First of all, get a second opinion in an entirely different practice. You want to be completely sure before you start thinking about treatments. The next thing you should do is find a support group. There are programs at all hospitals that have cancer centers. Leukemia and lymphoma (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin and myeloma) sufferers need professionals who are schooled in these types of cancer. These diseases affect everyone in the family of the person diagnosed. There are family support groups as well as peer groups.

Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cells. These are the part of the blood that fights infection. Leukemia is uncontrolled multiplication or growth of the white blood cells. There are several types of leukemia and, luckily, it is very treatable in most situations. Acute leukemia starts quickly and grows fast whereas chronic leukemia happens over a long period of time.

Lymphoma is cancer of the lymph glands and cells and includes overgrowth of lymphocytes.

Cause for either leukemia or lymphoma is not known. These are two of the three types of blood cancer; the other is multiple myeloma.

These types of cancer are difficult to diagnose early because their symptoms are non specific. Some of the symptoms are: easy bruising, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes (without pain), and fever without infection, unexplained bleeding, weight loss, bone and joint pain. These symptoms depend on the type of blood cancer involved. In multiple myeloma, there is often bone and joint pain as a first symptom because of destruction of the bone cells. Leukemia is suspected with chronic anemia, night sweats, recurring infections. When lymphoma is suspected it often depends on the size and location of the swollen lymph glands.

10% of all new cancers are from these three blood cancers. For children, leukemia is the most common type of cancer. People with leukemia are at risk for infections. There is treatment though chemotherapy and radiation, as well as bone marrow transplant in some cases.

What are the risk factors for development of leukemia or lymphoma? High exposure to radiation either through tests or during a person's job increases the likely hood of getting leukemia. Smoking increases the chances of getting leukemia. Certain illnesses like Down syndrome increase the chances. A person with a family history of leukemia has an increased chance of having it later in life.

Leukemia patients do not always have treatment. If the illness is dormant, cancer treatment may be put off until it surfaces. The physicians will treat the other symptoms of the illness while waiting. Some leukemia patients have chemotherapy; some are treated with radiation. There is also a target method of treatment that allows the illness to be blocked. This treatment is sometimes difficult for the patient to handle.








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Sunday, 10 October 2010

The Chronic and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia


Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), as well called acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), is a rapidly progressive neoplasm resulting from hematopoietic precursors, or myeloid stem tissue, that give rise to granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. There's growing evidence that genetic events occurring early in stem mobile maturation can lead to leukemia. Very first, there's a lag time of 5-10 years towards the development of leukemia after coverage to known causative agents such as chemotherapy, radiation, and particular solvents.

2nd, many instances of secondary leukemia evolve out of a prolonged "preleukemic phase" manifested like a myelodysplastic syndrome of hypoproduction with abnormal maturation without having precise malignant behavior. Finally, examination of precursor cells at a stage earlier than the malignant expanded clone in a provided kind of leukemia can reveal genetic abnormalities such as monosomy or trisomy of various chromosomes. In maintaining using the general molecular theme of neoplasia, extra genetic modifications are witnessed in the malignant clone compared with the morphologically normal stem cell that developmentally precedes it.

Acute myelocytic leukemias are classified by morphology and cytochemical staining. Auer rods are crystalline cytoplasmic inclusion bodies characteristic of, though not uniformly witnessed in, all myeloid leukemias. In contrast to mature myeloid tissue, leukemic cells have large immature nuclei with open chromatin and prominent nucleoli. The look from the individual kinds of AML mirrors the cell kind from which they derive. M1 leukemias originate from early myeloid precursors with no apparent maturation toward any terminal myeloid mobile type. This really is apparent within the lack of granules or other features that mark more mature myeloid cells. M3 leukemias are a neoplasm of promyelocytes, precursors of granulocytes, and M3 cells exhibit abundant azurophilic granules which are common of normal promyelocytes.

M4 leukemias arise from myeloid precursors that may differentiate into granulocytes or monocytes, whereas M5 leukemias derive from precursors currently committed towards the monocyte lineage. Therefore, M4 and M5 cells both include the feature folded nucleus and gray cytoplasm of monocytes, whereas M4 cells include also granules of the granulocytic cytochemical staining pattern. M6 and M7 leukemias can't be readily identified on morphologic grounds, but immunostaining for erythrocytic proteins is positive in M6 tissue, and staining for platelet glycoproteins is apparent in M7 tissue.

Chromosomal deletions, duplications, and well balanced translocations had been noted about the leukemic tissue of some patients prior to the introduction of molecular genetic techniques. Cloning from the regions exactly where well balanced translocations occur has, in some cases, revealed a preserved translocation website that reproducibly fuses a single gene with an additional, producing in the manufacturing of a brand new blend protein. M3 leukemias show a really higher frequency of the t(15;17) translocation that juxtaposes the PML gene with the RAR- gene. RAR- encodes a retinoic acid steroid hormone receptor, and PML encodes a transcription factor whose target genes are unknown. The blend protein possesses novel biologic action that presumably results in improved proliferation and a obstruct of differentiation.

Interestingly, retinoic acid can induce a short-term remission of M3 leukemia, supporting the importance of the RAR--PML blend protein. Monosomy of chromosome seven can be observed in leukemias arising out from the preleukemic syndrome of myelodysplasia or in de novo leukemias, and in both instances this finding is associated with a worse clinical prognosis. This monosomy as well as other serial cytogenetic modifications may also be seen right after relapse of treated leukemia, a scenario characterized by a a lot more aggressive program and resistance to therapy.

As hematopoietic neoplasms, acute leukemias involve the bone marrow and usually manifest abnormal circulating leukemic (blast) cells. Occasionally, extramedullary leukemic infiltrates recognized as chloromas can be observed in other organs and mucosal surfaces. A marked improve within the number of circulating blasts can sometimes trigger vascular obstruction associated with hemorrhage and infarction within the cerebral and pulmonary vascular beds. This leukostasis results in symptoms such as strokes, retinal vein occlusion, and pulmonary infarction.

In most instances of AML along with other leukemias, peripheral blood counts of mature granulocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are decreased. This is probably because of crowding from the bone marrow by blast tissue as nicely as the elaboration of inhibitory substances by leukemic cells or alteration of the bone marrow stromal microenvironment and cytokine milieu required for normal hematopoiesis. Susceptibility to infections consequently of depressed granulocyte amount and function and abnormal bleeding as a result of reduced platelet counts are common problems in sufferers initially presenting with leukemia.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is an indolent leukemia manifested by an increased quantity of immature granulocytes in the marrow and peripheral circulation. One of the hallmarks of CML may be the Philadelphia chromosome, a cytogenetic function that is due to balanced translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22, producing in a fusion gene, bcr-abl, that encodes a kinase that phosphorylates a number of key proteins included in cell development and apoptosis. The fusion gene can recreate a CML-like syndrome when released into mice.

CML eventually transforms into acute leukemia (blast crisis), which is associated with further cytogenetic changes and a clinical course similar to that of acute leukemia. New courses of medicines that block the bcr-abl kinase by competing with the ATP-binding site, induce remissions in most patients in chronic phases of CML. Moreover, resistance to these bcr-abl inhibitors can include amplification from the bcr-abl breakpoint as nicely as the development (or clonal expansion) of mutations in the ATP-binding pocket of bcr-abl, which no longer allows binding of inhibitors.








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Saturday, 9 October 2010

Childhood Leukemia


Leukemia severely affects a person's immune system; the disease is characterized by low levels of leukocytes of white blood cells, which play an important role in the body's defenses against disease. This disease can lead to other complications such as infections. However, for people who already have compromised immune systems, such as children and the elderly, developing leukemia can have some severe effects and complications. For children, the effects of leukemia can be very pronounced because battling the disease can take a toll on their fragile bodies.

Types of childhood leukemia

Just like in adult leukemia, children who develop the disease suffer either from large numbers of abnormal white blood cells or low levels of the white blood cells. Among cancers in children, leukemia accounts for about 25% of cancer cases. There are also different types of leukemia among children, categorized into two major categories: acute and chronic. Acute leukemia, or rapidly developing leukemia, is further divided into two types: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML). Acute leukemia accounts for 98% of all cases of childhood leukemia, with ALL being the most common. Chronic leukemia, or slowly developing leukemia, has only one type, which is Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), and it is very rare.

Symptoms and Treatment

The symptoms that a child with leukemia exhibits are similar to the symptoms that adults with the disease exhibit. Mostly, the symptoms are manifestations that the child's immune system is compromised, including increased episodes of fever and other infections. Children with leukemia also suffer from anemia and the other blood abnormalities found in most leukemia cases. In addition, other symptoms include bruising and bleeding very easily, pain in the bones and the joints, swollen lymph nodes, malaise, and a poor appetite.

Usually, ALL is treated with chemotherapy. However, the dosage differs from what is given to adults. The medication that is given during this therapy is very potent, which is why for children, smaller dosages are given.

The effects of leukemia can be very hard to deal with, especially for children whose immune systems can be severely compromised by the disease. However, statistics show that children with this disease exhibit some of the highest remission rates, which means that with proper treatment, the chance of beating this disease is very high among children.








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Friday, 8 October 2010

Different Forms of Acute Leukemia


Leukemia is a disease of the bone marrow and blood that is known to affect normal blood cell production. Normal blood cells have a limited period of life and they need to be constantly replaced by fresh, young cells to carry on their activity. There is a type of cell within the bone marrow (stem cell) that matures into the type of blood cells that the body needs. In normal condition, these stem cells develop either into red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets, into a controlled way. Leukemia perturbs the normal development of blood cells and causes the accumulation of partially developed cells, that aren't able to fulfill their role inside the organism.

Judging by the speed of development and the persistence of the disorder, there are two types of leukemia: acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. Judging by the types of stem cells affected by the disorder, leukemia can either be lymphocytic or myelogenous.

Acute leukemia differs from chronic leukemia by the levels that stem cells are able to reach in their development (stem cells that present anomalies still manage to partially develop and either resemble immature cells or complete, normal white blood cells).

Inside the body of people who suffer from acute leukemia of myelogenous, the bone marrow produces stem cells which form a kind of partially matured white blood cell called myeloblast. This type of blood cell doesn't reach a full maturity state and can't carry out its intended role. Myelogenous cells tend to multiply very fast and exceed the numbers of healthy blood cells, facilitating the occurrence of anemia, infections and weakening the immune system of the body. The diseased cells can also spread to other places of the organism, such as organs.

As statistics indicate, there are lots of annual cases of the disease, acute leukemia of myelogenous form being the most common type of leukemia. Although the disease is known to regress quickly when the appropriate treatment is administered, if left untreated it may cause the death of the affected person. This form of leukemia tends to recidivate and it can redevelop with time.

Regardless of age and sex, many people are diagnosed with forms of leukemia. Children tend to respond better to some types of leukemia, while adults difficultly cope with the disease. The cases of acute leukemia exceed those of chronic leukemia by approximately 10 percent. Older adults seem to be affected the most by acute leukemia. Around two thirds of acute leukemia cases seem to occur after the age of 60. Leukemia is a serious form of cancer and it needs immediate treatment. If treated correctly, especially in its incipient stages, leukemia can be successfully overcome.








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Scientific Explanations for the Differentiated Results of Leukemia Treatments


Leukemia is a malignant disease that originates at the level of the bone marrow. The disease is characterized by an impaired production of blood cells. Leukemia refers to incomplete development of white blood cells, which accumulate at the level of the marrow and inside the bloodstream. The dysfunctional cells multiply at abnormally fast rates, eventually outnumbering their normal, healthy counterparts. Unlike normal cells, replica cells are incomplete and they can't fulfill their role inside the organism. Furthermore, they affect the body's production of normal cells, triggering a decrease in the number of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets.

There are various types of leukemia, each of them following different patterns of progression. Leukemia is also categorized according to the type of blood cells involved in causing the disease. Judging by the type of cells responsible for causing the cancer, leukemia can be myelogenous or lymphocytic. According to the pattern and the rate of evolution of the cancer, leukemia can be either acute or chronic. Acute leukemia has a rapid rate of progression, while chronic leukemia evolves slowly.

The treatment for leukemia involves a series of cancer therapies and prolonged courses of cancer medications. Considering the fact that there is no cure for leukemia in present, the results of the available treatments are fluctuant. Patients' responsiveness to leukemia treatments and therapies are strongly influenced by age, sex, the type of leukemia, and the promptitude of medical intervention. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment considerably increase the chances of complete recovery.

An interesting aspect of leukemia is that it predominantly affects Caucasian people. Although the disease can occur among people belonging to any ethnical group, leukemia is more common in white people. Furthermore, the complete remission of leukemia is strongly influenced by race. Although leukemia is less likely to occur in non-Caucasians, this category of people is by far less responsive to cancer treatment. Recent studies in the field indicate that non-whites are six times less likely to recover completely after the treatment of leukemia.

These facts suggest that genetic factors have a great contribution to the occurrence and the progression of leukemia. In addition, genetic factors strongly influence patients' responsiveness to treatment. In order to detect the exact genetic factors responsible for generating differentiated reactions to the treatment of leukemia, medical scientists have conducted various elaborate studies in the last decade.

Medical scientists have discovered that patients with acute myelogenous leukemia who present cytogenic abnormalities tend to respond a lot better to treatment than patients who don't have these genetic abnormalities. The category of patients with certain cytogenic abnormalities is more likely to achieve complete remission after completing the treatment of leukemia. These abnormalities are very common in white people, thus explaining the racial-differentiated results of cancer treatments and therapies. Medical scientists have linked low responsiveness to leukemia treatments with the presence of 8-21 cytogenic translocation in patients or the absence of any genetic abnormalities. Patients who present the so called inverse 16 cytogenic translocation generally respond a lot better to the treatment of leukemia.

Medical scientists sustain that these findings will not determine pronounced changes in the treatment of leukemia. However, they explain that people with low-responsiveness to common forms of treatment should receive combination treatments in order to achieve complete remission. Scientists believe that in future people diagnosed with leukemia will receive personalized treatments, according to their age, sex and ethnicity.








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Thursday, 7 October 2010

Particularities of Different Types of Leukemia


Leukemia is a form of cancer that occurs at the level of the spinal marrow. Inside the spinal marrow there is a type of immature blood cells that are called stem cells. These cells have a neutral initial state and later develop into different types of blood cells (white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets). Leukemia interferes in the normal process of cell maturation, leading to an accumulation of partially developed blood cells in the marrow, blood and later in body organs. Most of these resulted cells are inefficient inside the organism, as they can't carry out the activity of normal blood cells.

Depending on to the rate of development, the disease can either be acute leukemia (developing very rapidly), or chronic leukemia (slow developing).

Particular to acute leukemia is the inability of stem cells (immature cells that can be found within the bone marrow) to reach the state of maturity. These immature blood cells tend to continuously divide and they accumulate in the bloodstream. Acute leukemia develops very rapidly and people who suffer from it need immediate treatment and specific therapy. If mistreated or ignored, acute leukemia causes the death of affected patients within a few months. While certain forms of acute leukemia are usually successfully treated, other forms don't respond well to the specific treatment.

A characteristic of the chronic type of leukemia is that the diseased cells usually come from more mature cells, but in most cases they aren't developed normally. The leukemia cells have long periods of life and they tend to accumulate within the bloodstream. Although normal people have between 5000 and 10000 white blood cells in their body, people who suffer from chronic leukemia may have more than 100000.

Lymphocytic and myelogenous types of leukemia are developed from different types of cells: the lymphocytic type of leukemia develops from cells called lymphoblasts or lymphocytes in the spongious tissue of the bones, while the myelogenous type of leukemia (sometimes refered to as myeloid and myelocytic leukemia) develops from myeloid cells. Judging by the types of cells involved in the development of leukemia and by the rate of cellular division specific to each form of the disease, the main types of leukemia are: acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

In addition to the common forms of chronic leukemia, there are also some rare types. Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), just like chronic lymphocytic leukemia, has a slow progression. The cells of hairy cell leukemia are different from other diseased cells mainly through their aspect. Hairy cell leukemia doesn't usually respond well to treatment. Prolymphocytic leukemia is a very rare and unusual form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Some cancers, called lymphomas, are caused by abnormal blood cells that are present in the lymph nodes, liver, spleen or other organs. These particular types of cancer don't occur at the levels of the bone marrow and have a development that is not characteristic to most forms of lymphocytic leukemia.








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Child Leukemia - Generalities, Symptoms and Treatment


Leukemia interferes with the body's production of white blood cells. These cells are supposed to fight infections with viruses or bacteria, and when someone has leukemia, they are defective and their number is largely increased, but because they are not fulfilling their role any more, although their number can increase ten times the body's defense system is seriously weakened and any infection can be very dangerous.

Unfortunately leukemia can affect young children too, and the number of child leukemia cases keeps increasing.

There are two types of leukemia - acute leukemia - a cancer that develops and evolves very fast and it affects all the white blood cells, and chronic leukemia - it develops slower and healthy white blood cells can still be found.

More than 95% of the child leukemia cases are acute leukemia. Acute leukemia can also be divided into acute acute myelogenous leukemia and lymphocytic leukemia acute myelogenous leukemia because there are two types of blood cells, and each type of leukemia affects a different kind of blood cells. More than half of the children with leukemia have acute lymphocytic leukemia.

The symptoms of acute leukemia start with fever, and continue with many infections, because the child is weak against any damaging foreign microorganisms.

When the disease advances the child becomes anemic and begins to have a pale color. He will always feel a sensation of weakness and fatigue which will prevent him from playing outdoors.

All leukemia patients, including children can be bruised very easy, and the often bleed for no reason. When bleeding occurs it cannot be stopped for a long time because leukemia affects the cells responsible for healing wounds.

If the illness is not discovered and it is left untreated it starts spreading through the body and it can reach the brain, affecting some of the senses and causing headaches.

In order to diagnose child leukemia the child must go through a series of special tests. If the result is positive then therapy must begin as soon as possible. First some new tests must be performed to determine what kind of therapy works best. In most cases chemotherapy is used because it has the highest survival rate. Chemotherapy is also accompanied by drugs.

The purpose of the therapy is to heal the bone marrow, the organ that produces the defective blood cells and to kill all the malfunctioning cells from the body. If the therapy is successful it must still be continued because the cancer can re-appear.

In some more severe cases a bone marrow transplant is needed.

The good news is that therapy is getting better and better and most of the children survive this illness, but the survival rate depends on how far the cancer has advanced and on what form of it the child has.








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Wednesday, 6 October 2010

Classifications, Main Symptoms and Laboratory Diagnosis of Leukemia


Leukemia, cancer of the blood-forming tissues, is the most common form of childhood cancer. However, even for a child with the most favorable prognosis, leukemia presents innumerable physical, clinic, physicians' office, and community can do much to prevent some problems and lessen others.

Classification

Leukemia is a broad term given to a group of malignant diseases of the bone marrow and lymphatic system. Current research has revealed that it is a complex disease of varying heterogeneity. Consequently classification has become increasingly more sophisticated and essential, since identification of the subtype of leukemia has therapeutic and prognostic implications. The following is an overview of the morphologic, cyto-chemical and immunologic characteristics of the leukemia.

Morphology and cytochemical markers

Leukemia is classified according to its predominant cell type and level of maturity. As described by the following:

Lympho- for leukemia involving the lymphoid or lymphatic system.

Myelo- for those of myeloid (bone marrow) origin

Blastic and acute- for those involving immature cells

Cystic and chronic- for those involving mature cells

In children, two forms are generally recognized: acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and acute nonlymphoid (myelogenous) leukemia (ANLL or AML). Synonyms for ALL include lymphatic, lumphocytic, lymphoblastic, and lympho-blastoid leukemia. Usually the term "stem cell" or "blast cell leukemia" also refers to the lymphoid type of leukemia. Synonyms for the ANLL type include granulocytic, myelo-cytic, monocytic myelogenous, monoblastic, and mono-myeloblastic. There are also much rarer forms of leukemia that are named for the specific cell involved, such as basophilic or eosinphilic leukemia.

Because of the confusion and inconsistency in classifyin the leukemias, acute lymphoblastic and acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias are further subdivided according to another system known as the French-American-British (FAB) system. In the FAB system, the subtypes are determined after a thorough study of the morphology (structure) and cytochemical reactivity of the leukemic cells. Accordingly, ALL is subdivided into 3 types, Li stands for Lymphoblastic leukemia, child type, which accounts for 80% to 85% of all childhood leukemia and has the best prognosis, ANLL is classified into 7 types and comprises 10% to 20% of the leukemias in children. The types with the best prognosis are Mi, acute myelocytic leukemia without differentiation, and Mz, acute myelotic leukemia with differentiation.

The various cells also demonstrate different reactions when they are exposed to certain chemicals. For example, lymphoblasts show no reactivity to Sudan black stain and perioxidase, whereas myeloblasts demonstrate reactivity to both.

Another important differentiation between the cell types is the absence or presence of Auer rods, granules containing RNA that appear in the cytoplasm of affected myeloblasts and promyelocytes. Their presence is a strong diagnostic indicator for certain types of ANLL and is associated with improved prognosis.

The main clinical symptoms

? Fever, which the child shows during long time and there is no evident signs of infection

? Pain in joints and bones (ossalgia)

? Pale color of the skin

? Enlargement of peripheral lymphatic nodes of different groups which are usually not painful; during palpation

? Enlargement of liver and spleen

? Fatigue

? Hemorrhage syndrome petechiae, bruises and bleeding)

Laboratory diagnostic

Laboratory diagnostic includes common blood analysis. WBC differential count and sternal puncture. The main dates are:

? Leukocytosis (with leucocytic levels up to 40-100x1o^6) or leucopenia

? Anaemia of hypoplastic origin

? Thrombocytopenia

? WBC count (blasts can be seen in peripheral blood)

? In marrow aspirate blasts are higher than 20%








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Tuesday, 5 October 2010

Statistic Data on Leukemia


Leukemia is the blood cancer form and originates in a malfunctioning bone marrow that tends to produce abnormal red and white cells in an increased rate. The most important four types of Leukemia are the acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia and the acute and chronic lymphocytic Leukemia. The name of the condition stands for the cell type involved.

The acute type of leukemia develops with an increased production of abnormal white cells making the body unable to fight infections; red blood cells and platelets are insufficient and the organism suffers from bruising, bleedings and anemia. Chronic forms of Leukemia are not as aggressive as they give the normal cells time to regenerate.

About 25000 new equal cases of acute and chronic Leukemia appear every ear. Most cases appear in adults and persons over 60 years but the acute lymphocytic Leukemia has an increased rate in children. Annually, about 10000 cases in adults are diagnosed as acute myelogenic Leukemia, 8000 are chronic lymphocytic Leukemia, 500 are chronic myelogenous forms and about 3500 are acute forms of lymphocytic Leukemia. The rest of the cases are unclassified blood cancer types.

All types of Leukemia are most commonly encountered in men than in women. Men subjects cover about 56% of all Leukemia new cases in a year. Americans with European descent seem to be more affected by cancer than those with African origins; about 131000 new cases of cancer are detected in African Americans every year but most of them are not related to blood cancers.

Americans with Indian or Hispanic origins are far more affected by Leukemia than African Americans and about 50% of the cases are encountered in male subjects. Elderly persons are most highly affected inside all populations.

Minority groups like Caucasians are more affected by Leukemia forms than other ethnic groups like Chinese, Japanese and Koreans. European descent children show increased rate of susceptibility compared to African American children.

Most of the new occurred cases of cancer in children below 15 are of Leukemia. About 2500 new cases of acute forms of lymphocytic leukemia are identified in the USA annually and it tends to be the most encountered form of cancer in children. High percents of the cases occur in children aged 3-4 and less in infants or 19 years old patients. In the last 25 years the chance of cure in specialized centers has increased due to new therapy methods.

People over 40 and older persons are more touched by acute myelogenous Leukemia and the secondary Leukemia type found in adults is chronic lymphocytic leukemia.








For greater resources about Leukemia please visit these pages http://www.leukemia-guide.com/childhood-leukemia.htm or http://www.leukemia-guide.com/leukemia-symptoms.htm


Risks Linked to Leukemia


While all the causes of leukemia are still not known, there are risks that have been linked to the development of various types of leukemia. There have been both environmental as well as genetic factors that have shown up as links to leukemia.

The type of leukemia a person has usually depends on the type of abnormal white blood cells that are being produced in the body. Leukemia produces abnormal or immature white blood cells in the bone marrow. At an early development of white blood cells, a blast is the immature form of white blood cells. This is the stage between the stem cell in the bone marrow and the mature blood. Blasts (immature blood cells) are found in limited numbers in the bone marrow of healthy people and not at all in the blood stream. People with leukemia may have high numbers of blasts in the bone marrow and even circulating throughout the circulatory system.

The different types of leukemia are grouped as acute or chronic. An acute leukemia usually produces immature white blood cells that are non-functioning. These cells rapidly reproduce and crowd out the healthy cells. A chronic leukemia produces abnormal blood cells that don't function as well as normal blood cells. These forms of leukemia are slower acting on the body than the acute forms of leukemia.

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is most common in adults and causes the rapid development of immature white blood cells in the bone marrow crowding out normal cells and spreading these no-functioning cells throughout the body. This interferes in usual work of the normal blood cells. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) causes an increased unregulated growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow and an elevated amount of white blood cells in the blood. Severe anemia is a result of this overabundance of white cells.

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is most common among children under the age of fifteen. In this leukemia the rapid multiplying of malignant immature white blood cells crowds out normal white cells. This type of leukemia responds well to treatment if it is diagnosed in time. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) a defective white blood cell is produced in overabundance. This cell does not fight infection and crowds out the healthy cells. Often the chronic lymphocytic leukemia is only discovered after a blood test when the elevated white blood cell count is found.

Some of the risk factors that researchers have identified include high doses of radiation, long-term chemical exposure in the work place, cigarette smoking, and agricultural chemicals. High doses of radiation such as around the failed nuclear reactor at Chernobyl or military exposure during the nuclear detonations in the 1950's show a strong link to leukemia. Exposure to benzene, herbicides and pesticides have been linked to acute leukemia.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia has been linked to exposure to agricultural chemicals as has exposure to Agent Orange. Cigarette smoking seems to have an important link to acute leukemia. This is probably due to the chemicals such as benzene, polonium-210 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Certain chemotherapy drugs especially alkylating agents combined with ionizing radiation may produce leukemia. Some diseases caused by abnormal chromosomes may increase the risk of leukemia. Philadelphia chromosome is a specific chromosomal abnormality in which parts of two chromosomes swap places. This can lead to acute myelogenous leukemia.








David Austin is an Attorney focused on complex injury cases. You can learn more about Benzene and Leukemia at his website. Burke-Eisner.com


Monday, 4 October 2010

How Do You Know the Symptom Are Related to Leukemia?


Symptom

Bone and Joint Pain - Pain in bones and joints is another common symptom of leukemia. This could be a symptom of leukemia-related spleen and liver enlargement. Anemia is another symptom of leukemia in toddlers. Another symptom of leukemia is bruising and bleeding easily. Those with bleeding gums should see their pediatrician urgently, as this is also a symptom of leukemia in some children.

When red blood cells are unable to be produced because of the crowding in the marrow, anemia is present. Symptomatic facial nerve involvement, on the other hand, is extremely unusual. Symptoms you have experienced from Leukemia which of these symptoms have you experienced. Symptom of Leukemia causing most discomfort which of these symptoms caused you the most discomfort. Depending on the number of abnormal cells and where these cells collect, patients with leukemia may have a number of symptoms, including anemia. Children with leukemia often have fewer than normal healthy red blood cells and platelets. They often have symptoms of infection such as fever, runny nose and cough. Bone and Joint Pain - Pain in bones and joints is another common symptom of leukemia.

Treatment

Specific treatment for leukemia will be determined by your child's physician based on your child's age, overall health, and medical history the extent of the disease your child's tolerance for certain medications, procedures, or therapies expectations for the course of the disease your opinion or preference treatment usually begins by addressing the presenting symptoms such as anemia, bleeding, and or infection. In addition, treatment for leukemia may include (alone or in combination) the following chemotherapyintrathecal medications/chemotherapy (medications are inserted through a needle into the spinal cord into the area called the subarachnoid space)radiation therapy bone marrow transplantation or peripheral blood stem cell transplantationbiological therapymedications (to prevent or treat damage to other systems of the body caused by leukemia treatment) medications (for nausea and side effects of treatment)blood transfusions (red blood cells, platelets)antibiotics (to prevent/treat infections)continuous follow-up care (to determine response to treatment, detect recurrent disease, and manage late effects of treatment)What are the various stages of leukemia treatment.

Remission is the goal in this stage of treatment. Regular visits to your child's physician are required in order to determine response to treatment, detect any recurrent disease, and manage any side effects of the treatment. Relapse can occur during any of the stages of treatment, or may occur months or years after treatment has ended. New methods are continually being discovered to improve treatment and to decrease side effects of the treatment for the disease. With early treatment, chances for full recovery are often quite good. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment. Today leukemia patients had less change of dying from the disease as scientist are studying its causes and treatment to find leukemia patients can look forward to live a better quality of life. The usual treatment of leukemia is divided into two categories: treatments that are aimed at fighting the cancer and treatments that are aimed at relieving the symptoms and the side effects of the disease.








Syarih is a freelance blogger at http://leukemia-causes.blogspot.com.


Used Methods For Killing Leukemia


The most common treatment for leukemia is the chemotherapy.The therapy for children is produced by radiation and it is used only to treat leukemia in the central nervous system and the testicles.Unfortunately leukemia cannot be cured by surgery.A stem-cell transplant is the method which can be used.

Besides chemotherapy, immunotherapy can be successfully used.Therapeutic vaccines are used in human patients.Induction, consolidation and maintenance are the three phases of chemotherapy used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia and it develops over the course of a two to three year period.

In the case of chemotherapy induction and intensification are used for treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia.Chemotherapeutic drugs provided by the cerebrospinal fluid are received by patients throughout the course of treatment.In what concerns the cerebrospinal fluid chemotherapy discourage the spread of leukemia cells to the central nervous system.

Remission is the goal of induction.The body eliminates 99 percent of leukemia cells.The bone marrow is filled with normal hematopoietic stem cells.For most cases chemotherapy treatments last for about a month.For the patients with high-risk higher doses are used and for the acute myelogenous leukemia, different drugs are used.In both cases chemotherapy is continuously administered for ten consecutive days.

For inducing remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia are used retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide, after month of treatment patients survive induction.The person's condition is critical until blood counts return to normal.Different treatments are required by chronic forms of the disease.The treatment is succesful by using the following medication:imatinib mesylate for patients with chronic myelogenousleukemia and cladribine and 2-deoxycoformycin which are both effective against hairy cell leukemia, a type of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Ten billion leukemia cells remain in the body after induction.The role of goals of consolidation referring to an intensification are to eliminate leukemia cells from locations such as the central nervous system and the testicles,where the cancer cells remains undetected by the immune system;the role of the cells being the one which reduces the number of leukemia cells remaining in the body.The last phase of treatment is the maintenance.Patients with low-risk and high-risk receive different drugs for leukemia in this case,but the drugs are used at lower doses than in the induction phase.

A relatively-new and complex treatment for leukemia is transplantation which consist in cells collected from cavities within bones where blood cells form or from the blood.For children with a poor chance of survival and for whom the treatment relapses the transplantation is used.Blood-forming stem cells are collected from patient or a donor with a nearly identical cell type.In this case the cells are frozen for storage.If the umbilical cord blood is available it can be use as a source of stem cells.

To kill all cancerous cells the patient follows a treatment with a very high dose of chemotherapy and radiation.All normal bone marrow cells are killed due to the does of chemotherapy and radiation.Then the bone marrow is repopulated by the stored stem cells which return to the body.To treat disease and also to maintain the immunity of the body immunotherapy is used.For the patients with leukemia interferon alfa which is an immune-system activator produced as a drug for bolstering the immune system of the body is successfully used.

The custom-made and duplicated antibody is produced in the laboratory and it is designed to interfere with malignant cells only which can also reduce the number of disease cells.Mylotarg is the monoclonal antibody has been approved for treatment of adults with refractory acute myelogenous leukemia.The improved technics and the science evolution have helped the people to find out different ways of destroying leukemia.








For greater resources about Leukemia please visit these pages http://www.leukemia-guide.com/leukemia-symptoms.htm or http://www.leukemia-guide.com/leukemia-causes.htm


Sunday, 3 October 2010

Benzene Leukemia


Leukemia in commonly defined as cancer of white blood cells, in which bone marrow excessively produces immature abnormal white blood cells which fills up the bone marrow spaces and ultimately spills into the peripheral blood, thereby spreading to different parts of the body.

To get details covering every aspect of Benzene Leukemia Visit our site

Classification of leukemia:

Leukemia is classified broadly into two types

1) Acute Leukemia (fast growing):

Types of Acute Leukemia:

o Acute Myeloid Leukemia

o Acute Lymphoblast Leukemia

2) Chronic Leukemia (Slow Growing):

Types of Chronic Leukemia:

1. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

2. Chronic Lymphoblast Leukemia

3. Other Types includes:

o Hairy Cell Leukemia

o Sub-leukemic leukemia

Causes of Leukemia: In Majority of cases cause is Unknown, In Minority of cases, some association has been described.

Ionizing Radiation:

o Atomic Bombing.

o X-ray to Fetus in pregnancy

Drugs and toxins:

o Cytotoxic Drugs like Alkalizing Agents

o Exposure to Benzene

Viruses:

Human t-cell Leukemia Virus

Immunological:

Immune Deficiency States

Benzene Leukemia:

Incidence: Exposure to Benzene, a hazardous Chemical has been shown to cause Cancer in Humans, Various types of Leukemia,(a cancer of blood and blood forming Organs),Particularly Acute Myelogenous Leukemia which is more common with unhealthy exposure to Benzene hence this type of Leukemia is called as Benzene Leukemia.

It is more common in employees working in Chemical oil Industries, Employees working in oil and gas plants, Painters and Other industrial Solvent Users ,who are at More Risk to Benzene Exposure On long term Exposure to this type of Benzene bye products causes Leukemic Cancer of Blood Forming Organs.

Clinical Features of Benzene Leukemia:

Benzene Leukemia is a dangerous life threatening Cancer that develop as a result of Long term exposure to excessive levels of Benzene. In addition to Benzene leukemia People suffers from other abnormalities such as:

o Chromosomal abnormalities

o Central Nervous system Disorders

o Anemia

o And may be some other forms of acute and chronic Leukemia's

On short term Exposure People generally complains of Dizziness, Drowsiness, Unconsciousness, Vomiting, nausea, and Death may even result.

Diagnosis: Benzene Leukemia Symptoms occurs when the body produces

Unhealthy, immature white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets called Blasts Cells in place of mature blood cells. Other damage to the blood cells can result in different types of benzene leukemia including acute and chronic lymphatic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease.

Attorney: If you have been exposed to dangerous levels of benzene exposure in the workplace or any other environment or substance, you may be eligible to recover the damages you have suffered from the makers of this harmful toxin. If you have contracted benzene leukemia you may be able to file a claim and seek reparations for your medical expenses and pain and suffering. Or if you are Uncertain about your Exposure to Benzene or have any Queries regarding your Diagnosis .Please write to us. We have experienced lawyers to fight for you!








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